Bo Ruonan, Liu Xiaopan, Wang Jing, Wei Simin, Wu Xinyue, Tao Ya, Xu Shuya, Liu Mingjiang, Li Jingui, Pang Huan
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 15;9:992502. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992502. eCollection 2022.
Koidz () has been used both as a traditional medicine and functional food for hundreds of years in Asia. And it has a variety of biological activities, such as enhancing the ability of immunity and modulating effect on gastrointestinal motility. In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide with molecular weight of 2.743 × 10 Da was isolated from the root of . Polysaccharide from (AMP) consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, galactose uronic acid, glucose uronic acid, with a percentage ratio of 21.86, 12.28, 34.19, 0.43, 0.92, 0.85, 28.79, and 0.67%, respectively. Zinc plays an important role in immune system. Therefore, we supposed that AMP binding with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (AMP-ZnONPs) might be an effective immunostimulator. AMP-ZnONPs was prepared by Borch reduction, and its structural features were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), TEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping (TEM-EDS mapping), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size and zeta-potential distribution analysis. Then, its immunostimulatory activity and the underlying mechanism were evaluated using RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that AMP-ZnONPs remarkably promoted cell proliferation, enhanced phagocytosis, the release of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86 and MHCII). Moreover, AMP-ZnONPs could promote the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), phospho-IκBα (P-IκBα) and phospho-p65 (P-p65), and TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242) inhibited the expression of these proteins induced by AMP-ZnONPs. Therefore, AMP-ZnONPs activated macrophages by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating that AMP-ZnONPs could act as a potential immunostimulator in medicine and functional food.
在亚洲，科伊茨（）数百年来一直被用作传统药物和功能性食品。它具有多种生物活性，如增强免疫能力和调节胃肠蠕动。在本研究中，从的根部分离出一种分子量为2.743×10道尔顿的水溶性多糖。来自的多糖（AMP）由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖、核糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖醛酸组成，其百分比分别为21.86%、12.28%、34.19%、0.43%、0.92%、0.85%、28.79%和0.67%。锌在免疫系统中起重要作用。因此，我们推测与氧化锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒结合的AMP（AMP-ZnONPs）可能是一种有效的免疫刺激剂。通过硼氢化还原法制备了AMP-ZnONPs，并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、TEM-能量色散光谱映射（TEM-EDS映射）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、粒度和zeta电位分布分析对其结构特征进行了表征。然后，使用RAW264.7细胞评估其免疫刺激活性及其潜在机制。结果表明，AMP-ZnONPs显著促进细胞增殖，增强吞噬作用、一氧化氮（NO）释放、细胞因子（IL-6和IL-1β）以及共刺激分子（CD80、CD86和MHCII）的表达。此外，AMP-ZnONPs可促进Toll样受体4（TLR4）、髓样分化因子88（MyD88）、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子6（TRAF6）、磷酸化IκBα（P-IκBα）和磷酸化p65（P-p65）的表达，而TLR4抑制剂（TAK242）可抑制AMP-ZnONPs诱导的这些蛋白的表达。因此，AMP-ZnONPs通过TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路激活巨噬细胞，表明AMP-ZnONPs可作为医学和功能性食品中的潜在免疫刺激剂。
