New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, John Jay College Of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Schizophr Bull. 2023 Jan 3;49(1):99-107. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbac143.
Public stigma reduces treatment-seeking and increases the duration of untreated psychosis among young people with psychosis. Social contact-based video interventions have been shown to be effective at reducing stigma; however, more research is needed regarding very brief interventions less than 2 minutes long, which are suitable for social media platforms and particularly relevant for young adults. We recently conducted three randomized control trials and demonstrated the efficacy of such videos to reduce stigma toward individuals with psychosis among young adults of the general public. However, it is unclear what elements contributed to the effectiveness of these very brief interventions.
The present article proposes a conceptual framework to discern what elements contributed to the efficacy of these interventions. We first review the existing literature describing social contact-based interventions and how they impact the cognitions, emotions, and behaviors of participants.
Then, using this lens, we suggest an alternate observation of the data from our studies by examining changes in stigmatizing views across time, rather than utilizing mean scores and conceptualizing how key characteristics of our interventions helped reduce stigma. We also highlight future research directions, including the need to look at mediators and moderators of change and the need to examine behavioral outcomes.
By hypothesizing how these interventions are proposed to work, this framework is intended to provide a roadmap for further development of brief video-based interventions to reduce stigma.
公众污名会减少年轻人寻求治疗的意愿，并延长他们未接受治疗的精神病发作时间。基于社会接触的视频干预已被证明可以有效减少污名化；然而，我们需要更多关于持续时间不到 2 分钟的非常简短干预的研究，这种干预适合社交媒体平台，尤其与年轻人相关。我们最近进行了三项随机对照试验，证明了此类视频可以减少公众中年轻人对精神病患者的污名化。然而，这些非常简短的干预措施的有效性的具体因素仍不清楚。
本文提出了一个概念框架，以辨别是什么因素促成了这些干预措施的有效性。我们首先回顾了现有的描述基于社会接触的干预措施的文献，以及它们如何影响参与者的认知、情感和行为。
然后，我们使用这个视角，通过观察随时间变化的污名化观点，而不是利用平均分数和概念化我们的干预措施的关键特征如何有助于减少污名化，来对我们的研究数据进行另一种观察。我们还强调了未来的研究方向，包括需要研究变化的中介和调节因素，以及需要研究行为结果。
通过假设这些干预措施的作用方式，这个框架旨在为进一步开发基于简短视频的干预措施以减少污名化提供一个路线图。
