Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Province Postgraduate Cotraining Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children's Medical Center), Yueyang 416000, Hunan, China.
Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422000, China.
Cytokine. 2022 Dec;160:156055. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156055. Epub 2022 Oct 1.
Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) initially appeared in the public view as a cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) that plays an important role in innate immunity. NLRX1 is currently the only NLR known to be located in mitochondria through a mechanism presumed to be associated with its special N-terminal domain, and it establishes a novel connection between mitochondrial function and disease pathophysiology. NLRX1 functions as a negative regulator of the body's inflammatory response. Concurrently, the role of NLRX1 in regulating mitochondrial autophagy and metabolism has also been confirmed. Based on accumulating evidence, NLRX1 is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases, including autoimmune diseases and inflammatory diseases. Research on the roles of NLRX1 in cancer, nervous system diseases and metabolic diseases has also undergone qualitative advances. However, according to current research, the function of NLRX1 is controversial, and the opposite effect has even been observed. This new study suggests that this phenomenon may be related to the specific localization of NLRX1 in cells. To date, the biological function of NLRX1 has not been comprehensively explored, but studies have introduced some new directions. For example, some recent studies have shown that NLRX1 affects pyroptosis. In this review, we summarize existing research results on NLRX1, facilitating explorations of the potential mechanism of NLRX1 and the development of new treatment strategies.
核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域（NOD）样受体（NLR）最初作为一种在先天免疫中发挥重要作用的细胞质病原体识别受体（PRR）出现在公众视野中。NLRX1 是目前唯一已知通过一种与特殊 N 端结构域相关的机制定位于线粒体的 NLR，它在细胞器功能和疾病发病机制之间建立了一种新的联系。NLRX1 作为机体炎症反应的负调节剂发挥作用。同时，NLRX1 调节线粒体自噬和代谢的作用也得到了证实。基于不断增加的证据，NLRX1 参与了多种疾病的发生和发展，包括自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病。关于 NLRX1 在癌症、神经系统疾病和代谢性疾病中的作用的研究也取得了质的进展。然而，根据目前的研究，NLRX1 的功能存在争议，甚至观察到相反的效果。这项新的研究表明，这种现象可能与 NLRX1 在细胞中的特定定位有关。迄今为止，NLRX1 的生物学功能尚未得到全面探索，但研究已经引入了一些新的方向。例如，一些最近的研究表明，NLRX1 影响细胞焦亡。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 NLRX1 的现有研究结果，为探索 NLRX1 的潜在机制和开发新的治疗策略提供了参考。
