A histochemical study on the effects of photoperiod on gonadal and adrenal function in the male bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus).

NADH- and NADPH-diaphorases, 3alpha-, delta5-3beta-, 11beta- and 17beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenases (HSD) and lipids were studied histochemically in the testes and adrenals of male bank voles kept in a long (16L:8D) or a short (8L:16D) photoperiod (Groups L and S, respectively). At 67 days of age the Group L males were heavier and had active and significantly larger testes than Group S males. The testes of Group S males were regressed and were also significantly smaller than those of 18-day-old animals born and reared in a 18L:6D photoperiod. Lipid droplets were detected in the Leydig cells and intratubular spaces in the testes of Group L animals, but were absent from those of Group S voles. The adrenal cortex of the Group L animals was virtually devoid of lipids, but large lipid inclusions were present in the basal zona fasciculata of the Group S voles. In the Group L testes the diaphorase activities were more intense and the difference in enzymic activity between the seminiferous epithelium and the Leydig cells was more pronounced (especially for NADH-diaphorase) than that in the testes of Group S animals. Moreover, the 3alpha-- and delta5-3beta-HSD activities were much stronger in the testes of sexually active animals; 17beta-HSD activity was present in the Leydig cells of the active testes, and absent in the regressed testes. There was no marked difference between the two groups of animals with regard to the distribution or intensity of diaphorases, 3alpha-, delta5-3beta-, 11beta- or 17beta-HSD in the adrenal cortex. It is concluded that a decline in steroid synthesis occurs in the testes of voles kept in a short photoperiod. The large lipid inclusions observed in the adrenal cortex of such animals suggest decreased corticosteroid synthesis and/or secretion.