Highly Robust Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) Ultrafiltration Membrane with a Stable Microporous Structure.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) materials have great potential in water treatment applications. Herein, we report the fabrication of a mechanically robust electroconductive LIG membrane with tailored separation properties for ultrafiltration (UF) applications. These LIG membranes are facilely fabricated by directly lasing poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membrane support. Control PES membranes were fabricated through a nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. A major finding was that when PES UF membranes were treated with glycerol, the membrane porous structure remained almost unchanged upon drying, which also assisted with protecting the membrane's nanoscale features after lasing. Compared to the control PES membrane, the membrane fabricated with 8% laser power on the bottom layer of PES (PES (B)-LIG-HP) demonstrated 4 times higher flux (865 LMH) and 90.9% bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection. Moreover, LIG membranes were found to be highly hydrophilic and exhibited excellent mechanical and chemical stability. Owing to their excellent permeance and separation efficiency, these highly robust electroconductive LIG membranes have a great potential to be used for designing functional membranes.