冻胁迫影响精恶唑禾草灵和 2,4-D 加麦草畏对野燕麦（Avena ludoviciana Durieu）和播娘蒿[ Rapistrum rugosum （L.）All.]防除效果及对小麦的安全性。
Freezing stress affects the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA on wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) and turnipweed [Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.] in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
机构信息
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 6;17(10):e0274945. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274945. eCollection 2022.
The occurrence of freezing stress around herbicides application is one of the most important factors influencing their performance. This experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D plus MCPA (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), the most important herbicides used in wheat fields in Iran, under the influence of a freezing treatment (-4°C). Wheat and its two common weeds, winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu) and turnipweed [Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All.], were exposed to the freezing treatment for three nights from 7:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M. before and after herbicide application, and their response was compared with plants that did not grow under freezing stress. Under no freezing (NF) and freezing after spray (FAS) conditions, winter wild oat was completely controlled with the recommended dose of clodinafop-propargyl (64 g ai ha-1; hereafter g ha-1). However, the survival percentage of winter wild oat in the freezing before spray (FBS) of clodinafop-propargyl 64 g ha-1 was 7%, and it was completely controlled with twice the recommended dose (128 g ha-1). Under NF conditions and FAS treatment, turnipweed was completely controlled with twice the recommended dose of 2,4-D plus MCPA (2025 g ae ha-1; hereafter g ha-1), while there was no complete control under recommended rate. However, in the FBS treatment, the survival of turnipweed was 7% under double dose. The LD50 (dose required to control 50% of individuals in the population) and GR50 (dose causing 50% growth reduction of plants) rankings were NF<FBS<FAS for clodinafop-propargyl and NF<FAS<FBS for 2,4-D plus MCPA. Selectivity index for clodinafop-propargyl in NF conditions, FBS, and FAS treatments was 2.4, 0.91, and 0.78, respectively, and, for 2,4-D plus MCPA, it was 2.6, 0.12, and 0.88, respectively. According to the results of LD50, it can be stated that the freezing stress after the spraying of clodinafop-propargyl and before the spraying of 2,4-D plus MCPA would further reduce the efficacy of these herbicides.
在除草剂施用周围发生冻胁迫是影响其性能的最重要因素之一。本试验旨在评估氯氟吡氧乙酸丙炔酯和 2,4-D 加 MCPA（2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸加 2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基乙酸）在伊朗麦田中使用的最重要除草剂的功效，这些除草剂在 -4°C 的冷冻处理下进行了评估。小麦及其两种常见杂草，冬季野燕麦（Avena ludoviciana Durieu）和菥蓂[Rapistrum rugosum（L.）All.]，在施药前后的三个晚上从晚上 7 点到凌晨 5 点经历了冷冻处理，然后将它们的反应与未生长在冷冻胁迫下的植物进行了比较。在无冷冻（NF）和喷雾后冷冻（FAS）条件下，氯氟吡氧乙酸丙炔酯推荐剂量（64 g ai ha-1；以下简称 g ha-1）可完全控制冬季野燕麦。然而，氯氟吡氧乙酸丙炔酯 64 g ha-1 的 FBS 处理中冬季野燕麦的存活率为 7%，而用推荐剂量的两倍（128 g ha-1）则完全得到了控制。在 NF 条件和 FAS 处理下，2,4-D 加 MCPA 的推荐剂量（2025 g ae ha-1；以下简称 g ha-1）可完全控制菥蓂，而推荐剂量下则无法完全控制。然而，在 FBS 处理下，菥蓂的存活率为 7%，剂量为两倍。氯氟吡氧乙酸丙炔酯和 2,4-D 加 MCPA 的 LD50（控制种群中 50%个体所需的剂量）和 GR50（引起植物生长减少 50%的剂量）的排序为 NF<FBS<FAS，NF<FAS<FBS。NF 条件、FBS 和 FAS 处理下氯氟吡氧乙酸丙炔酯的选择性指数分别为 2.4、0.91 和 0.78，而 2,4-D 加 MCPA 的选择性指数分别为 2.6、0.12 和 0.88。根据 LD50 的结果，可以说氯氟吡氧乙酸丙炔酯施药后的冷冻胁迫和 2,4-D 加 MCPA 施药前的冷冻胁迫会进一步降低这些除草剂的功效。
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