Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, China.
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
Environ Res. 2023 Jan 1;216(Pt 1):114474. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114474. Epub 2022 Oct 3.
Phenolic compounds with potential adverse health effects are gradually being replaced. Little is known about the potential health risks of BPA, BP3, and TCS exposure in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years in the United States.
To determine trends and rates of change in hazard indices (HI) for three phenolics in U.S. children and adolescents for BPA, BP3, TCS, and to assess changes in gender, race/ethnicity, age, and potential health risks.
Metabolic biomonitoring data from field-collected urine samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized. Daily intake of three phenols (bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, and triclosan) between 2005 and 2016 in children and adolescents were obtained. Cumulative risk indicators, including hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and maximum cumulative ratio (MCR), were used for the health risk assessment of the three phenols.
During this period, the change in LSGM HI was -2.9% per cycle [95% Cl: (-3.7%, -2.2%)], and the percentage of participants with HI > 0.1 decreased from 15.6% to 10.5%. Children (6-11 years) had higher mean HI values than adolescents (12-19 years), while female had higher LSGM HI values than male. MCR values were generally low and negatively correlated with HI. However, the average value of MCR increased from 1.722 to 2.107 during this period.
Exposure to phenolics among U.S. children and adolescents has changed in recent decades. However, gaps in data limit the interpretation of trends but legislative activity and advocacy campaigns by nongovernmental organizations may play a role in changing trends. Moreover, there are growing concerns about the potential health risks associated with exposure to multiple phenols in children and adolescents.
具有潜在不良健康影响的酚类化合物逐渐被取代。在美国，6-19 岁儿童和青少年接触 BPA、BP3 和 TCS 的潜在健康风险知之甚少。
确定美国儿童和青少年三种酚类化合物（双酚 A、二苯甲酮-3 和三氯生）危害指数（HI）的趋势和变化率，并评估性别、种族/民族、年龄和潜在健康风险的变化。
利用国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）现场采集的尿液代谢生物监测数据。在 2005 年至 2016 年期间，获得了儿童和青少年三种酚类物质（双酚 A、二苯甲酮-3 和三氯生）的日摄入量。危害商（HQ）、危害指数（HI）和最大累积比（MCR）等累积风险指标用于评估三种酚类物质的健康风险。
在此期间，LSGM HI 的变化率为-2.9%/周期[95%置信区间（-3.7%，-2.2%）]，HI>0.1 的参与者比例从 15.6%下降到 10.5%。儿童（6-11 岁）的平均 HI 值高于青少年（12-19 岁），而女性的 LSGM HI 值高于男性。MCR 值普遍较低且与 HI 呈负相关。然而，在此期间，MCR 的平均值从 1.722 增加到 2.107。
近几十年来，美国儿童和青少年接触酚类化合物的情况发生了变化。然而，数据差距限制了趋势的解释，但非政府组织的立法活动和宣传活动可能在改变趋势方面发挥了作用。此外，人们越来越关注儿童和青少年接触多种酚类物质可能带来的健康风险。
