Kpuduwei Selekeowei Peter Kespi, Kiridi Enefia Kelvin, Ibegu Opumunu, Amasiatu Valentine Chidozie
Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria.
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
J West Afr Coll Surg. 2022 Jan-Mar;12(1):1-4. doi: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_88_22. Epub 2022 Aug 23.
BACKGROUND: The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries is said to be predictive of the risk of cerebrovascular accidents in patients and said to be affected by sex, age, and race. The lack of normative reference values of carotid IMT can adversely affect the screening of subclinical atherosclerosis in Nigeria. Sonography is the most widely used tool in clinical practice for IMT determination. AIM: This study was aimed at obtaining sonographic reference values of the IMT of the carotid arteries of healthy adult Nigerians for clinical use. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective study, where participants were selected by a simple random technique. SETTING: The study was carried out in 2019 on adult Nigerians from different ethnic backgrounds that resided in Bayelsa State. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was 104 healthy Nigerian adults both male and female between 18 and 64 years of age. Excluded were those without informed consent, Nigerians aged below 18 and above 65 years, anyone with a history of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or metabolic disorders, and athletes. After confirming normal blood pressure and taking their physical measurements, participants' necks were scanned with an "EcoMed" ultrasound machine version VERTU-3 Portable USG with a linear transducer and a frequency of 7.0 MHz by an experienced radiologist. RESULTS: The IMT was recorded for the subjects in millimetres where common carotid artery: males = 0.487 ± 0.014, females = 0.480 ± 0.010 with a reference range of 0.200-0.750 mm; internal carotid artery: males = 0.500 ± 0.019, females = 0.459 ± 0.013 with a reference range of 0.200-0.750 mm; external carotid artery: males = 0.479 ± 0.018, females = 0.437 ± 0.014 with a reference range of 0.180-0.780 mm. The values for the males were higher than those of the females; however, they were not statistically significant. There was also no statistically significant difference between right and left sides in the IMT despite the right persistently being higher than the left in the general study population. CONCLUSION: This study has been able to provide reference values for IMT of the carotid arteries among Nigerians for clinical use in the meantime. We believe that a systematic review of similar data can further be done for the standardisation of national reference.
背景：据说颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）可预测患者发生脑血管意外的风险，且受性别、年龄和种族影响。缺乏颈动脉IMT的规范参考值可能会对尼日利亚亚临床动脉粥样硬化的筛查产生不利影响。超声检查是临床实践中用于测定IMT最广泛使用的工具。 目的：本研究旨在获取健康成年尼日利亚人颈动脉IMT的超声参考值以供临床使用。 研究设计：这是一项前瞻性研究，采用简单随机技术选择参与者。 地点：该研究于2019年对居住在巴耶尔萨州、来自不同种族背景的成年尼日利亚人进行。 材料与方法：研究人群为104名年龄在18至64岁之间的健康尼日利亚成年人，男女均有。排除那些未获得知情同意者、年龄在18岁以下和65岁以上的尼日利亚人、任何有心血管、脑血管或代谢疾病史者以及运动员。在确认血压正常并进行身体测量后，由经验丰富的放射科医生使用配备线性换能器、频率为7.0 MHz的“EcoMed”超声机VERTU - 3便携式超声仪对参与者的颈部进行扫描。 结果：记录受试者的IMT值，单位为毫米，其中颈总动脉：男性 = 0.487 ± 0.014，女性 = 0.480 ± 0.010，参考范围为0.200 - 0.750毫米；颈内动脉：男性 = 0.500 ± 0.019，女性 = 0.459 ± 0.013，参考范围为0.200 - 0.750毫米；颈外动脉：男性 = 0.479 ± 0.018，女性 = 0.437 ± 0.014，参考范围为0.180 - 0.780毫米。男性的值高于女性；然而，差异无统计学意义。尽管在总体研究人群中右侧IMT始终高于左侧，但两侧之间的IMT差异也无统计学意义。 结论：本研究能够同时为尼日利亚人颈动脉IMT提供临床使用的参考值。我们认为可以进一步对类似数据进行系统评价，以实现国家参考标准的标准化。
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