Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; email:
Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2023 Jan 23;68:363-380. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-102424. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
There is growing awareness of pollinator declines worldwide. Conservation efforts have mainly focused on finding the direct causes, while paying less attention to building a systemic understanding of the fragility of these communities of pollinators. To fill this gap, we need operational measures of network resilience that integrate two different approaches in theoretical ecology. First, we should consider the range of conditions compatible with the stable coexistence of all of the species in a community. Second, we should address the rate and shape of network collapse once this safe operational space is exited. In this review, we describe this integrative approach and consider several mechanisms that may enhance the resilience of pollinator communities, chiefly rewiring the network of interactions, increasing heterogeneity, allowing variance, and enhancing coevolution. The most pressing need is to develop ways to reduce the gap between these theoretical recommendations and practical applications. This perspective shifts the emphasis from traditional approaches focusing on the equilibrium states to strategies that allow pollination networks to cope with global environmental change.
人们越来越意识到全球范围内传粉媒介的减少。保护工作主要集中在寻找直接原因上，而对建立对这些传粉媒介群落脆弱性的系统认识关注较少。为了填补这一空白，我们需要具有网络恢复力的操作措施，将理论生态学中的两种不同方法结合起来。首先，我们应该考虑与群落中所有物种稳定共存相容的条件范围。其次，一旦超出这个安全的操作空间，我们就应该解决网络崩溃的速度和形态。在这篇综述中，我们描述了这种综合方法，并考虑了几种可能增强传粉媒介群落恢复力的机制，主要是重新构建相互作用网络、增加异质性、允许差异和增强共同进化。当务之急是找到缩小这些理论建议与实际应用之间差距的方法。这种观点将重点从关注平衡态的传统方法转移到允许传粉网络应对全球环境变化的策略上。
