青少年睡眠相关的社会心理因素及其参与健康睡眠干预措施制定的意愿：一项焦点小组研究。
Psychosocial factors related to sleep in adolescents and their willingness to participate in the development of a healthy sleep intervention: a focus group study.
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Clinical and Health Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2022 Oct 7;22(1):1876. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14278-3.
BACKGROUND
Over the last decades, adolescents' sleep has deteriorated, suggesting the need for effective healthy sleep interventions. To develop such interventions, it is important to first gather insight into the possible factors related to sleep. Moreover, previous research has indicated that chances of intervention effectivity could be increased by actively involving adolescents when developing such interventions. This study examined psychosocial factors related to sleep in adolescents and investigated adolescents' willingness to participate in the development of a healthy sleep intervention.
METHODS
Nine focus group interviews were conducted with seventy-two adolescents (63.9% girls, 14.8 (± 1.0) years) using a standardized interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded and thematic content analysis was performed using Nvivo 11.
RESULTS
Adolescents showed limited knowledge concerning sleep guidelines, sleep hygiene and the long-term consequences of sleep deficiency, but they demonstrated adequate knowledge of the short-term consequences. Positive attitudes towards sleep were outweighed by positive attitudes towards other behaviors such as screen time. In addition, adolescents reported leisure activities, the use of smartphones and television, high amounts of schoolwork, early school start time and excessive worrying as barriers for healthy sleep. Perceived behavioral control towards changing sleep was reported to be low and norms about sufficient sleep among peers were perceived as negative. Although some adolescents indicated that parental rules provoke feelings of frustration, others indicated these have a positive influence on their sleep. Finally, adolescents emphasized that it would be important to allow students to participate in the development process of healthy sleep interventions at school, although adult supervision would be necessary.
CONCLUSION
Future interventions promoting healthy sleep in adolescents could focus on enhancing knowledge of sleep guidelines, sleep hygiene and the consequences of sleep deficiency, and on enhancing perceived behavioral control towards changing sleep. Interventions could also focus on prioritizing positive sleep attitudes over positive attitudes towards screen time, finding solutions for barriers towards healthy sleep and creating a positive perceived norm regarding healthy sleep. Involving adolescents in intervention development could lead to intervention components that match their specific needs and are more attractive for them.
背景
在过去几十年中，青少年的睡眠质量恶化，这表明需要有效的健康睡眠干预措施。为了开发此类干预措施，首先必须深入了解与睡眠相关的可能因素。此外，先前的研究表明，通过在开发此类干预措施时积极让青少年参与，干预效果的可能性会增加。本研究检查了与青少年睡眠相关的心理社会因素，并调查了青少年参与健康睡眠干预措施制定的意愿。
方法
使用标准化访谈指南对 72 名青少年（63.9%为女孩，14.8（±1.0）岁）进行了 9 次焦点小组访谈。访谈进行了录音，并使用 Nvivo 11 进行了主题内容分析。
结果
青少年对睡眠指南、睡眠卫生和睡眠不足的长期后果了解有限，但对短期后果有足够的了解。对睡眠的积极态度被对其他行为（如屏幕时间）的积极态度所抵消。此外，青少年报告了一些健康睡眠的障碍，如休闲活动、智能手机和电视的使用、大量的学业、上学时间早和过度焦虑。青少年报告对改变睡眠的行为控制感较低，并且同龄人对充足睡眠的规范被认为是负面的。尽管一些青少年表示父母的规则会引起挫败感，但另一些青少年表示这些规则对他们的睡眠有积极的影响。最后，青少年强调，让学生在学校参与健康睡眠干预措施的制定过程非常重要，尽管需要成人监督。
结论
未来促进青少年健康睡眠的干预措施可以集中在增强对睡眠指南、睡眠卫生和睡眠不足的后果的了解，以及增强改变睡眠的行为控制感上。干预措施还可以集中在优先考虑积极的睡眠态度而不是积极的屏幕时间态度、寻找健康睡眠的障碍解决方案以及创造健康睡眠的积极感知规范上。让青少年参与干预措施的制定可以使干预措施更符合他们的特定需求，对他们更有吸引力。
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