使用锥形束计算机断层扫描评估下颌舌孔的分布特征及其在种植手术中的潜在风险：一项横断面回顾性研究。

Evaluation of the distribution characteristics of the mandibular lingual foramen and its potential risks during implant surgery using cone-beam computed tomography a cross-sectional, retrospective study.

作者信息

Liao Qianting, Chen Yingqi, Liao Yanfen, Lian Keqian

机构信息

Department of Stomatology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.

Department of Stomatology, The Second People's Hospital of Panyu Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China.

出版信息

Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2022 Dec;24(6):862-870. doi: 10.1111/cid.13136. Epub 2022 Oct 8.

DOI:10.1111/cid.13136

PMID:36208069

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The lingual foramen is a risk factor for implantation and other mandibular surgeries, but there are few systematic studies on the anatomical and distribution characteristics of the lingual foramen in the entire mandible.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective study was performed using 405 CBCT images. The anatomical characteristics and symmetrical distribution of the mandibular lingual foramen were analyzed.

RESULTS

All patients had at least one lingual foramina. According to the positional relationship between the mandibular lingual foramen and the root apex of tooth, the mandibular lingual foramen is divided into the upper lingual foramen and the lower lingual foramen. Upper lingual foramen were divided into three types according to its running direction, namely Type 1 (Enters the mandible and descend in the direction of the lower edge of the mandible), Type 2 (Enters the mandible and descends in the direction of the lower edge of the mandible with branches), and Type 3 (It enters the mandible and divides into two branches, one ascends toward the crest of the alveolar ridge, and the other descends toward the lower edge of the mandible). And their respective prevalence are 84.0% [95% Tolerance Limit (TL) 81.2%-86.8%], 9.9% [95% TL 7.6%-12.1%], and 6.1% [95% TL 4.3%-8.0%]. In addition, the 81.8% [95% TL 79.0%-84.7%] of the upper lingual foramen is distributed in the central incisor area. Lower lingual foramen were divided into three categories according to the running direction, namely Category 1 (Enters the mandible and ascends toward the buccal bone plate), Category 2 (Enters the mandible and descends toward the buccal bone plate), and Category 3 (Go straight into the mandible toward the buccal bone plate). And their respective prevalence are 29.6% [95% TL 26.4%-32.7%], 50.9% [95% TL 47.5%-54.4%] and 19.5% [95% TL 16.8%-22.3%]. The frequency of lower lingual foramen distributed anteriorly to the mental foramen is 55.8% [95% TL 52.3%-59.2%], mid-mental foramen is 21.4%[95% TL 18.5%-24.2%], and posterior to the mental foramen is 22.8% [95% TL 20.0%-25.8%].

CONCLUSION

Both the upper and lower lingual foramina should be evaluated in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions of the mental foramen before implant surgeries.

摘要

目的

舌孔是种植及其他下颌骨手术的一个风险因素，但关于整个下颌骨舌孔的解剖及分布特征的系统研究较少。

材料与方法

采用405例CBCT图像进行回顾性研究。分析下颌骨舌孔的解剖特征及对称分布情况。

结果

所有患者均至少有一个舌孔。根据下颌骨舌孔与牙根尖的位置关系，下颌骨舌孔分为上舌孔和下舌孔。上舌孔根据其走行方向分为三种类型，即1型（进入下颌骨并沿下颌骨下缘方向下行）、2型（进入下颌骨并沿下颌骨下缘方向下行且有分支）和3型（进入下颌骨并分为两支，一支向上朝向牙槽嵴顶，另一支向下朝向下颌骨下缘）。它们各自的发生率分别为84.0%[95%容许限（TL）81.2%-86.8%]、9.9%[95%TL 7.6%-12.1%]和6.1%[95%TL 4.3%-8.0%]。此外，81.8%[95%TL 79.0%-84.7%]的上舌孔分布于中切牙区。下舌孔根据走行方向分为三类，即1类（进入下颌骨并向上朝向颊侧骨板）、2类（进入下颌骨并向下朝向颊侧骨板）和3类（直接进入下颌骨朝向颊侧骨板）。它们各自的发生率分别为29.6%[95%TL 26.4%-32.7%]、50.9%[95%TL 47.5%-54.4%]和19.5%[95%TL 16.8%-22.3%]。下舌孔分布于颏孔前方的频率为55.8%[95%TL 52.3%-59.2%]，颏孔中部为21.4%[95%TL 18.5%-24.2%]，颏孔后方为22.8%[95%TL 20.0%-25.8%]。