Inhibition of 26S proteasome enhances AKAP3-mediated cAMP-PKA signaling during boar sperm capacitation.

This study investigates the effects of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) on porcine sperm capacitation and its interactions with the cAMP-PKA pathway. The semen of adult Landrace boars was divided into four groups: non-capacitated, capacitated, 10 μM/mL MG132, and 10 μM/mL DMSO groups. We characterized the parameters related to sperm dynamics using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. The level of sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation was detected using Western blotting, and the change of zinc ion signal was detected via flow cytometry. The relationship between A-kinase-anchor protein 3 (AKAP3), ubiquitin (Ub), and protein kinase A (PKA) was assessed by co-precipitation assays; to evaluate the interactions between the UPP and cAMP-PKA pathway, threonine, serine, and tyrosine phosphorylation were detected using Western blotting to evaluate the interaction between the UPP and cAMP-PKA pathway; Hoechst staining was used to detect the sperm-egg binding state and evaluate the effects of UPP inhibition. During capacitation, the levels of protein tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of porcine sperm increased, and sperm-egg binding was inhibited (P < 0.05). AKAP3 was degraded by UPP, and after inhibiting the 26 S proteasome, ubiquitinated AKAP3 accumulated in large quantities. Our findings indicate that, after the 26 S proteasome was inhibited, PKA was uncoupled from AKAP3 and degraded by UPP; the level of tyrosine phosphorylation induced by PKA-AKAP3 was reduced, the level of serine threonine phosphorylation increased, and the ubiquitination pathway interacted with the phosphorylation pathway and was involved in sperm capacitation.