Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research, Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2022 Dec;309(Pt 1):136736. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136736. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Organic UV filters have emerged as a new threat to marine organisms, but ecotoxicological studies have so far focused on only a few substances despite the chemical diversity of these synthetic sunscreen agents. Here we examined the responses of blue mussels Mytilus edulis to ensulizole, a non-lipophilic UV filter commonly found in the Baltic Sea. Mussels were exposed for three weeks to five ensulizole concentrations of 10, 10, 10, 10, and 10 ng/L. Stress on stress response was evaluated by subjecting mussels to air exposure. A battery of biomarkers related to detoxification and antioxidant defense, oxidative stress damage, energy reserves and metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage was measured in the gills and the digestive gland. In general, ensulizole affected the antioxidant response, energy storage, and cell death-related processes in mussel tissues. Mussels exposed to low, environmentally relevant concentrations of ensulizole had a shorter air survival time than the control. Ensulizole often showed the non-monotonic concentration-response curves, suggesting the complex effects of this UV filter at molecular, biochemical, and organismal levels.
有机紫外线滤光剂已成为海洋生物的新威胁，但生态毒理学研究迄今为止仅关注少数几种物质，尽管这些合成防晒霜具有化学多样性。在这里，我们研究了贻贝（Mytilus edulis）对恩索尔唑的反应，恩索尔唑是波罗的海中常见的一种非亲脂性紫外线滤光剂。贻贝暴露于 10、10、10、10 和 10 ng/L 的 5 种恩索尔唑浓度下，为期 3 周。通过使贻贝暴露于空气中来评估应激对应激反应的影响。在鳃和消化腺中测量了与解毒和抗氧化防御、氧化应激损伤、能量储备和代谢、自噬、细胞凋亡、炎症和 DNA 损伤相关的一系列生物标志物。总的来说，恩索尔唑影响了贻贝组织中的抗氧化反应、能量储存和与细胞死亡相关的过程。暴露于低浓度、环境相关浓度的恩索尔唑的贻贝比对照组的空气存活时间更短。恩索尔唑通常表现出非单调的浓度-反应曲线，表明这种紫外线滤光剂在分子、生化和机体水平上具有复杂的影响。
