Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 40705, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jan;310:136742. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136742. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals that are the dominant contaminant in the Upper Hudson River (UHR) in New York State where two General Electric (GE) plants historically discharged PCBs to the river. Portions of the UHR were dredged from 2009 to 2015 to address PCB contamination. In 2017, the first post-dredging survey of yearling feeder fish and sediment PCB contamination was conducted to establish a baseline for the recovery of the river. Prior analysis of the sediment data from the 2017 survey indicated that ∼2% of the PCBs in the surface sediment were higher in molecular weight than the formulation used by GE and therefore arose from non-GE sources. In this work, the fish PCB data from the 2017 survey were analyzed using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) was used to estimate PCB concentrations in the sediment at the locations where fish were collected. The results suggest that PCBs that are the products of microbial dechlorination bioaccumulate in the fish and represent 7% of the PCB mass in the fish data set. Further, the results suggest that about 13% of the PCBs in the fish may have come from non-GE sources. This is higher than the percentage of non-GE PCBs in the sediment, but can be explained by the higher molecular weight of the non-GE mixture which causes it to bioaccumulate more effectively than GE PCBs. Concentrations of the non-GE PCBs averaged about 240 ppb wet weight (whole body) in yearling feeder fish. The remedial goals range from 50 to 400 ppb ww in fillet for fish including piscivorous species that are likely to have higher PCB concentrations than feeder fish.
多氯联苯 (PCBs) 是持久性、生物累积性和有毒的化学物质，是纽约州哈德逊河上游 (UHR) 的主要污染物，历史上有两家通用电气 (GE) 工厂向该河流排放 PCBs。为了解决 PCB 污染问题，UHR 的部分地区于 2009 年至 2015 年进行了疏浚。2017 年，首次对幼龄滤食性鱼类和沉积物 PCB 污染进行了疏浚后调查，为河流恢复建立了基线。对 2017 年调查沉积物数据的前期分析表明，表层沉积物中约 2%的 PCBs 的分子量高于 GE 所用的 PCBs，因此来自非 GE 来源。在这项工作中，使用正矩阵因子化 (PMF) 对 2017 年调查的鱼类 PCB 数据进行了分析。经验贝叶斯克里金 (EBK) 用于估计在鱼类采集地点的沉积物中 PCB 浓度。结果表明，微生物脱氯作用产生的 PCBs 在鱼类中生物累积，并代表鱼类数据集 PCB 质量的 7%。此外，结果表明，鱼类中约 13%的 PCBs 可能来自非 GE 来源。这高于沉积物中非 GE PCBs 的百分比，但可以用非 GE 混合物的分子量较高来解释，这使其比 GE PCBs 更有效地生物累积。非 GE PCBs 的浓度在幼龄滤食性鱼类的湿重 (整体) 中平均约为 240 ppb。补救目标范围从 50 到 400 ppb ww 在鱼片，包括可能比滤食性鱼类具有更高 PCB 浓度的肉食性鱼类。
