Department of Water Management and Environment, Faculty of Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal for Natural Resources and Environment, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
Department of Land, Water and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jan;310:136668. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136668. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
The constant need for sacrificial electrodes is one of the limitations of applying the EC in wastewater treatment. Accordingly, this study proposes a sustainable alternative in reusing scrap metallic wastes as electrode materials. Four different types of metallic wastes (beverage cans, used aluminum (Al) foil, scrap iron, and scrap mild steel) are proposed as sacrificial electrodes for grey water (GW) treatment using the EC technique. At electrical current densities (CD) ranging between 5 and 20 mA/cm, the treatment performance was evaluated for a reaction time of 10 min in terms of the removal efficiency of some key parameters such as color, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and electrical conductivity, energy and material consumption, and metal contamination of GW from electrodes. The results demonstrated that using metallic wastes as sacrificial electrodes can achieve a considerable reduction in color, turbidity, COD, and electric conductivity of about 97.2%, 99%, 88%, and 89%, respectively. However, their reuse as electrodes revealed some important concerns. Al foil undergoes quick and substantial perforation and loss of surface area during electrolysis. The scrap iron and scrap mild steel were found to cause metal contamination by increasing Fe ions in the treated GW. Generally, metal scrap wastes can serve effectively as alternative sustainable electrodes. However, further research is recommended regarding the operating costs, which are considered crucial aspects of the EC process in terms of energy consumption and the most efficient method of fabricating the metallic wastes into a form suitable for reuse in the EC technique.
作为牺牲电极，不断需要更换是电化学（EC）技术应用于废水处理的局限性之一。因此，本研究提出了一种可持续的替代方案，即将废弃金属废料重新用作电极材料。提出了四种不同类型的金属废料（饮料罐、废铝箔、废铁和废低碳钢）作为牺牲电极，用于通过 EC 技术处理灰色水（GW）。在 5 至 20 mA/cm 的电流密度下，以 10 分钟的反应时间评估了处理性能，以去除一些关键参数的效率为评价指标，如颜色、浊度、化学需氧量（COD）和电导率，以及从电极中消耗的能量和材料，以及 GW 的金属污染。结果表明，使用金属废料作为牺牲电极可以使颜色、浊度、COD 和电导率分别减少约 97.2%、99%、88%和 89%。然而，它们作为电极的重复使用带来了一些重要的关注。铝箔在电解过程中迅速且大幅穿孔，表面面积损失较大。发现废铁和废低碳钢会通过增加处理 GW 中的 Fe 离子导致金属污染。一般来说，金属废料可以有效地作为替代可持续电极。然而，建议进一步研究运营成本，因为这是 EC 工艺的关键方面，涉及到能源消耗和将金属废料制成适合在 EC 技术中重复使用的形式的最有效方法。
