Manipal School of Architecture & Planning, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Oct 10;194(12):860. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10542-6.
In recent decades, medium-sized Indian cities have experienced accelerated urban growth due to the saturation of large cities. Such rapid urban growth combined with inadequate urban planning has triggered urban sprawl in medium-sized Indian cities. In this context, the present study focuses on the geospatial measurement of urban sprawl in four rapidly expanding Indian medium-sized cities located in diverse physiographic regions, such as Lucknow urban agglomeration (UA), Bhubaneswar UA, Raipur UA, and Dehradun UA. Multi-temporal Landsat imageries from 1991 to 2021 were downloaded for land cover classification through the maximum likelihood classification tool in ArcGIS 10.3. Thereafter, spatiotemporal land cover change detection was performed based on the classified land cover maps. The presence of urban sprawl was detected using the relative entropy index while the urban expansion index quantified the urban sprawl typologies such as edge expansion, leapfrog development, and ribbon development. The results exhibited a rapid rise in built-up land cover from 1991 to 2021. The prevalence of urban sprawl was detected in all four cities as per the relative entropy index. Edge expansion typology of urban sprawl was dominant compared to leapfrog development and ribbon development. Such urban growth phenomenon creates a hindrance in promoting sustainable urban development in medium-sized Indian cities. The results obtained from this paper would assist urban planners and policymakers in developing strategies to encourage planned urban growth. This paper exhibits the potential of geoinformatics to monitor and analyze urban sprawl.
近几十年来，由于大城市的饱和，中型印度城市经历了加速的城市增长。这种快速的城市增长加上城市规划不足，引发了中型印度城市的城市蔓延。在这种情况下，本研究专注于对位于不同地形区域的四个快速扩张的印度中型城市的城市扩张进行地理空间测量，这些城市分别是勒克瑙城市群（UA）、布巴内斯瓦尔 UA、赖布尔 UA 和德拉敦 UA。从 1991 年到 2021 年，下载了多时相的 Landsat 图像，以便通过 ArcGIS 10.3 中的最大似然分类工具进行土地覆盖分类。此后，根据分类后的土地覆盖图进行时空土地覆盖变化检测。使用相对熵指数检测城市蔓延的存在，而城市扩张指数则量化了城市扩张的类型，如边缘扩张、跨越式发展和带状发展。结果表明，从 1991 年到 2021 年，建成土地覆盖面积迅速增加。根据相对熵指数，在所有四个城市都检测到了城市蔓延的存在。与跨越式发展和带状发展相比，城市扩张的边缘扩张类型更为普遍。这种城市增长现象阻碍了印度中型城市可持续城市发展的推进。本文的研究结果将有助于城市规划者和决策者制定鼓励有计划的城市增长的策略。本文展示了地理信息学在监测和分析城市扩张方面的潜力。
