Kaur Prabhjot, Sharma Suvasini, Konanki Ramesh, Prasad Asuri N
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Consultant Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Marathahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India.
Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2022 Jul-Aug;25(4):587-600. doi: 10.4103/aian.aian_12_22. Epub 2022 Sep 9.
Fever-associated seizures and febrile encephalopathy are common neurological problems in children. Infections of the nervous system are responsible for the majority of cases. However, there is a spectrum of infection-associated and inflammatory conditions associated with the triad of fever, seizures, and encephalopathy. Apart from complex febrile seizures and febrile status epilepticus, fever infection-related epilepsy syndrome of childhood (FIRES), infantile hemiconvulsion hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome (IHHE), acute encephalopathy with delayed diffusion restriction (AESD), acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANE), and reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) are age-related clinical phenotypes of fever-related epilepsy and encephalopathy. Awareness of these entities is important for appropriate diagnosis and the prompt use of immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive therapies. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical phenotypes, and management approaches of these fever-related seizure and encephalopathy states.
发热相关性惊厥和热性脑病是儿童常见的神经问题。大多数病例由神经系统感染引起。然而，存在一系列与发热、惊厥和脑病三联征相关的感染性和炎症性疾病。除了复杂性热性惊厥和热性惊厥持续状态外，儿童发热感染相关性癫痫综合征（FIRES）、婴儿偏侧惊厥偏瘫癫痫综合征（IHHE）、伴有延迟扩散受限的急性脑病（AESD）、儿童急性坏死性脑病（ANE）和可逆性胼胝体病变综合征（RESLES）是与发热相关癫痫和脑病的年龄相关临床表型。认识这些疾病对于正确诊断和及时使用免疫调节/免疫抑制治疗很重要。在本综述中，我们讨论了这些与发热相关的惊厥和脑病状态的病理生理学、临床表型和管理方法。
