Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2023 Apr;72(4):957-968. doi: 10.1007/s00262-022-03303-4. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) immunotherapy is used to treat B-cell malignancies. However, antigen-escape mediated relapse following CAR T therapy has emerged as a major concern. In some relapsed cases, especially KMT2A rearrangement-positive B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (KMT2A-r B-ALL), most of the B-cell antigens are lost via lineage conversion to the myeloid phenotype, rendering multi-B-cell-antigen-targeted CAR T cell therapy ineffective. Fms-related tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) is highly expressed in KMT2A-r B-ALL; therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of CAR T cells targeting both CD19 and FLT3 in KMT2A-r B-ALL cells. We developed piggyBac transposon-mediated CAR T cells targeting CD19, FLT3, or both (dual) and generated CD19-negative KMT2A-r B-ALL models through CRISPR-induced CD19 gene-knockout (KO). FLT3 CAR T cells showed antitumor efficacy against CD19-KO KMT2A-r B-ALL cells both in vitro and in vivo; dual-targeted CAR T cells showed cytotoxicity against wild-type (WT) and CD19-KO KMT2A-r B-ALL cells, whereas CD19 CAR T cells demonstrated cytotoxicity only against WT KMT2A-r B-ALL cells in vitro. Therefore, targeting FLT3-specific CAR T cells would be a promising strategy for KMT2A-r B-ALL cells even with CD19-negative relapsed cases.
CD19 特异性嵌合抗原受体 T (CAR T) 免疫疗法用于治疗 B 细胞恶性肿瘤。然而,CAR T 治疗后抗原逃逸介导的复发已成为一个主要问题。在一些复发病例中,特别是 KMT2A 重排阳性 B 急性淋巴细胞白血病 (KMT2A-r B-ALL),大多数 B 细胞抗原通过向髓样表型的谱系转换而丢失,使得多 B 细胞抗原靶向 CAR T 细胞治疗无效。Fms 相关酪氨酸激酶-3 (FLT3) 在 KMT2A-r B-ALL 中高度表达;因此,在这项研究中,我们旨在评估靶向 CD19 和 FLT3 的 CAR T 细胞在 KMT2A-r B-ALL 细胞中的抗肿瘤疗效。我们开发了靶向 CD19、FLT3 或两者(双)的基于 piggyBac 转座子的 CAR T 细胞,并通过 CRISPR 诱导的 CD19 基因敲除 (KO) 生成 CD19 阴性 KMT2A-r B-ALL 模型。FLT3 CAR T 细胞在体外和体内均显示出针对 CD19-KO KMT2A-r B-ALL 细胞的抗肿瘤疗效;双靶向 CAR T 细胞对野生型 (WT) 和 CD19-KO KMT2A-r B-ALL 细胞均具有细胞毒性,而 CD19 CAR T 细胞仅在体外对 WT KMT2A-r B-ALL 细胞具有细胞毒性。因此,靶向 FLT3 特异性 CAR T 细胞可能是 KMT2A-r B-ALL 细胞的一种有前途的策略,即使是 CD19 阴性复发病例。
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