Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 10;17(10):e0275675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275675. eCollection 2022.
Determine if cocaine use impacts gut permeability, promotes microbial translocation and immune activation in people living with HIV (PLWH) using effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Cross-sectional analysis of 100 PLWH (ART ≥6 months, HIV-RNA <200 copies/mL) from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort. Cocaine use was assessed by self-report, urine screen, and blood benzoylecgonine (BE). Blood samples were collected to assess gut permeability (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, I-FABP), microbial translocation (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), immune activation (sCD14, sCD27, and sCD163) and markers of inflammation (hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6). Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the relationships of cocaine use.
A total of 37 cocaine users and 63 cocaine non-users were evaluated. Cocaine users had higher levels of I-FABP (7.92±0.35 vs. 7.69±0.56 pg/mL, P = 0.029) and LPS (0.76±0.24 vs. 0.54±0.27 EU/mL, P<0.001) than cocaine non-users. Cocaine use was also associated with the levels of LPS (P<0.001), I-FABP (P = 0.033), and sCD163 (P = 0.010) after adjusting for covariates. Cocaine users had 5.15 times higher odds to exhibit higher LPS levels than non-users (OR: 5.15 95% CI: 1.89-13.9; P<0.001). Blood levels of BE were directly correlated with LPS (rho = 0.276, P = 0.028), sCD14 (rho = 0.274, P = 0.031), and sCD163 (rho = 0.250, P = 0.049).
Cocaine use was associated with markers of gut permeability, microbial translocation, and immune activation in virally suppressed PLWH. Mitigation of cocaine use may prevent further gastrointestinal damage and immune activation in PLWH.
通过评估接受有效抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的 HIV 感染者（PLWH）的可卡因使用情况，研究可卡因使用是否会影响肠道通透性，促进肠道微生物易位和免疫激活。
对来自迈阿密成人 HIV 研究（MASH）队列的 100 名 PLWH（ART≥6 个月，HIV-RNA<200 拷贝/mL）进行横断面分析。通过自我报告、尿液检测和血液苯甲酰爱康宁（BE）来评估可卡因使用情况。采集血液样本以评估肠道通透性（肠脂肪酸结合蛋白，I-FABP）、微生物易位（脂多糖，LPS）、免疫激活（sCD14、sCD27 和 sCD163）和炎症标志物（hs-CRP、TNF-α 和 IL-6）。使用多元线性回归模型分析可卡因使用情况的关系。
共评估了 37 名可卡因使用者和 63 名可卡因非使用者。可卡因使用者的 I-FABP（7.92±0.35 vs. 7.69±0.56 pg/mL，P=0.029）和 LPS（0.76±0.24 vs. 0.54±0.27 EU/mL，P<0.001）水平均高于可卡因非使用者。调整协变量后，可卡因使用与 LPS（P<0.001）、I-FABP（P=0.033）和 sCD163（P=0.010）水平也相关。可卡因使用者发生 LPS 水平升高的可能性是可卡因非使用者的 5.15 倍（比值比：5.15；95%置信区间：1.89-13.9；P<0.001）。血液 BE 水平与 LPS（rho=0.276，P=0.028）、sCD14（rho=0.274，P=0.031）和 sCD163（rho=0.250，P=0.049）直接相关。
在病毒抑制的 PLWH 中，可卡因使用与肠道通透性、微生物易位和免疫激活标志物相关。减少可卡因使用可能会预防 PLWH 进一步的胃肠道损伤和免疫激活。
