Manipulation of epithelial cell architecture by the bacterial pathogens Listeria and Shigella.

Subversion of the host cell cytoskeleton is a virulence attribute common to many bacterial pathogens. On mucosal surfaces, bacteria have evolved distinct ways of interacting with the polarised epithelium and manipulating host cell structure to propagate infection. For example, Shigella and Listeria induce cytoskeletal changes to induce their own uptake into enterocytes in order to replicate within an intracellular environment and then spread from cell-to-cell by harnessing the host actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we highlight some recent studies that advance our understanding of the role of the host cell cytoskeleton in the mechanical and molecular processes of pathogen invasion, cell-to-cell spread and the impact of infection on epithelial intercellular tension and innate mucosal defence.