Haque Md Aminul, Afrin Sadiya
Department of Population Sciences, University of Dhaka, Room No: 4046, Arts Building, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2022 Oct 2;8(10):e10922. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10922. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Bangladesh is one of the fastest-growing older populations in the world. However, there has been little initiative in constructing an Active Aging Index (AAI) to monitor the quality of life of senior citizen.
The objective of the study was to construct an AAI to know the active aging scenario of the population in Bangladesh.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 518 respondents aged 60 years or older from six villages and six wards. Three villages and three wards from Rangpur district and three villages and three wards from Dhaka district were selected for the collection of data. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the eight indicators of the 'health dimension', three indicators of the 'participation dimension', and seven indicators of the 'security dimension' for the AAI using the World Health Organization (WHO) model. The responses for each of the indicators (ranges from 0, 1, 2, or 3) in each dimension were added to create a composite index (CI) for each of the dimensions. Descriptive statistical methods with significance tests were applied to analyze the data.
The findings provide opportunities to view the 18 aspects of the quality of life of the older population by sex and place of residence. Among the respondents, the overall AAI score shows that 48.1% of the health, 28.9% of the participation, and 48.5% of the security dimensions score fall in the lower active category. Gender differences were distinct in all three dimensions, where the moderate AAI score for females from both rural (41.5%) and urban areas (62.7%) was lower than for males in rural (73.5 %) and urban areas (76.3%). Conversely, the AAI value for urban older adults was higher in all dimensions in comparison with rural older adults. Overall, 62.7% of the respondents were moderately active (a range within 0.50-0.79), while 34.4% were poorly active (a range within 0.0-0.49) and only 3.9% were highly active (a range within 0.80+).
Effective initiatives are needed to improve the individual scores of each of the three dimensions of the AAI. Attention should be given to addressing the gender and residential variations in all three dimensions of the AAI. The incorporation of indicator-specific measures is essential to the existing plan of action and programs to improve the situation of the older population that is poorly and moderately active. This result will help policymakers from concerned ministries to focus on specific dimensions to improve the AAI situation in the country. A nationally representative study is needed regularly to monitor the AAI situation.
孟加拉国是世界上老年人口增长最快的国家之一。然而，在构建积极老龄化指数（AAI）以监测老年人生活质量方面几乎没有什么举措。
本研究的目的是构建一个AAI，以了解孟加拉国人口的积极老龄化情况。
对来自六个村庄和六个选区的518名60岁及以上的受访者进行了横断面研究。从朗布尔区选取三个村庄和三个选区，从达卡区选取三个村庄和三个选区进行数据收集。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）模型，通过一份半结构化问卷收集关于AAI“健康维度”的八个指标、“参与维度”的三个指标和“安全维度”的七个指标的数据。将每个维度中每个指标的回答（范围为0、1、2或3）相加，为每个维度创建一个综合指数（CI）。应用描述性统计方法和显著性检验对数据进行分析。
研究结果为按性别和居住地点查看老年人口生活质量的18个方面提供了机会。在受访者中，AAI总体得分显示，健康维度得分的48.1%、参与维度得分的28.9%和安全维度得分的48.5%属于较低的积极类别。在所有三个维度中，性别差异都很明显，农村（41.5%）和城市地区（62.7%）女性的中等AAI得分低于农村（73.5%）和城市地区（76.3%）男性的得分。相反，城市老年人在所有维度上的AAI值均高于农村老年人。总体而言，62.7%的受访者活动水平中等（范围在0.50 - 0.79之间），而34.4%的受访者活动水平较差（范围在0.0 - 0.49之间），只有3.9%的受访者活动水平较高（范围在0.80及以上）。
需要采取有效举措来提高AAI三个维度中每个维度的个体得分。应关注解决AAI所有三个维度中的性别和居住差异问题。将针对特定指标的措施纳入现有的行动计划和方案对于改善活动水平较差和中等的老年人口状况至关重要。这一结果将有助于相关部委的政策制定者关注特定维度，以改善该国的AAI状况。需要定期开展全国代表性研究以监测AAI状况。
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