Recent insights in the role of biomarkers in severe asthma management.

Contemporary asthma management requires a proactive and individualized approach, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. The introduction of biologic therapies for severe asthma to everyday clinical practice, increases the need for specific patient selection, prediction of outcomes and monitoring of these costly and long-lasting therapies. Several biomarkers have been used in asthma in disease identification, prediction of asthma severity and prognosis, and response to treatment. Novel advances in the area of personalized medicine regarding disease phenotyping and endotyping, encompass the development and application of reliable biomarkers, accurately quantified using robust and reproducible methods. The availability of powerful omics technologies, together with integrated and network-based genome data analysis, and microbiota changes quantified in serum, body fluids and exhaled air, will lead to a better classification of distinct phenotypes or endotypes. Herein, in this review we discuss on currently used and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma.