Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
School of Business and Health, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW), Stuttgart, Germany.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 13;17(10):e0275327. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275327. eCollection 2022.
Given the global shortage of midwives, it is of utmost interest to improve midwives' job satisfaction and working environments. Precise measurement tools are needed to identify both predictors of job satisfaction and intervention strategies which could increase it. The aim of this study is to collate, describe and analyse instruments used in research to assess the job satisfaction of midwives working in hospitals, to identify valid and reliable tools and to make recommendations for the further development of specific instruments for midwifery practice and future midwifery research.
We conducted systematic literature searches of the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Database. Studies which assessed the job satisfaction of midwives working in a hospital setting were eligible for inclusion.
Out of 637 records 36 empirical research articles were analysed, 27 of them cross-sectional studies. The studies had been conducted in 23 different countries, with sample sizes ranging between nine and 5.446 participants. Over 30 different instruments were used to measure midwives' job satisfaction, with considerable differences in terms of domains evaluated and number of items. Twelve domains relevant for job satisfaction of midwives working in hospitals were identified from the empirical studies. Four instruments met the defined reliability and validity criteria.
Autonomy, the significance of the job, the challenges of balancing work and private life, and the high emotional and physical demands of midwifery are job characteristics which are underrepresented in instruments measuring job satisfaction. The influence of the physical working environment has also not yet been researched. There is a need to develop or adapt instruments to the working environment of midwives.
鉴于全球助产士短缺，提高助产士的工作满意度和工作环境至关重要。需要精确的测量工具来确定工作满意度的预测因素和可以提高工作满意度的干预策略。本研究的目的是整理、描述和分析用于评估在医院工作的助产士工作满意度的研究工具，以确定有效和可靠的工具，并为进一步开发特定的助产实践和未来的助产研究工具提出建议。
我们对以下数据库进行了系统的文献搜索：CINAHL、MEDLINE、PsycINFO、Web of Science 核心合集、Cochrane 数据库。符合纳入标准的研究评估了在医院环境中工作的助产士的工作满意度。
在 637 条记录中，有 36 篇实证研究文章被分析，其中 27 篇是横断面研究。这些研究在 23 个不同的国家进行，样本量从 9 到 5446 人不等。超过 30 种不同的工具被用于测量助产士的工作满意度，在评估的领域和项目数量方面存在很大差异。从实证研究中确定了与在医院工作的助产士工作满意度相关的 12 个领域。有 4 种工具符合既定的可靠性和有效性标准。
自主权、工作的重要性、平衡工作和私人生活的挑战，以及助产工作的高度情感和身体需求，都是衡量工作满意度的工具中代表性不足的工作特征。物理工作环境的影响也尚未得到研究。需要开发或改编工具以适应助产士的工作环境。
