Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Keçiören, 06135, Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Oct 14;38(12):236. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03376-4.
Biofilm structures are the main mode of evolutionary reproductive adaptation of bacteria, and even these features alone, are sufficient to make them the focus of genetic and physiological studies. As this life form is a multicellular-like life form coordinated by genetic and physiological programming, it is quite different from the planktonic form. In bacterial biofilms, which are often composed of more than one species in nature, there is a clear division of labor, nutrient channels, and a language (signaling) established between the cells forming the biofilm. On the other hand, biofilms, especially formed by pathogens, cause important industrial and clinical problems due to their high resistance to environmental stress conditions. Obtaining new data on the molecular basis of bacterial evolution and understanding the intra- and inter-species ecosystem relations in this context, as well as finding permanent solutions to the serious problems they create, are directly related to a detailed understanding of the genetic regulation of bacterial biofilm structures. Today, it is becoming increasingly certain that environmental signals effective in the transition from planktonic form to biofilm form and their receptor/response molecules are generally managed by similar systems and global regulator molecules in bacteria. In this sense; Besides the quorum sensing (QS) systems, cyclic adenosine monophosphate-catabolite suppressor protein (cAMP-CRP) and bis-(3'-5') cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) signaling molecules are of critical importance. In this review article, current information on bacterial biofilms is summarized and interpreted based on this framework.
生物膜结构是细菌进化生殖适应的主要模式，即使仅凭这些特征，也足以使它们成为遗传和生理研究的焦点。由于这种生命形式是一种受遗传和生理编程协调的类似于多细胞的生命形式，因此与浮游形式有很大的不同。在细菌生物膜中，自然界中通常由不止一种物种组成，在形成生物膜的细胞之间存在明确的分工、营养通道和建立的语言（信号）。另一方面，由于生物膜（特别是由病原体形成的生物膜）对环境胁迫条件具有很高的抵抗力，因此会导致重要的工业和临床问题。获得有关细菌进化的分子基础的新数据，并在这种情况下理解种内和种间生态系统关系，以及找到解决它们造成的严重问题的永久方法，都直接关系到对细菌生物膜结构的遗传调控的详细了解。如今，越来越确定的是，在从浮游形式到生物膜形式的转变中起作用的环境信号及其受体/反应分子通常由细菌中的类似系统和全局调节剂分子管理。从这个意义上讲；除了群体感应（QS）系统外，环腺苷酸单磷酸-分解代谢物抑制蛋白（cAMP-CRP）和双（3'-5'）环二核苷酸单磷酸（c-di-GMP）信号分子也至关重要。在这篇综述文章中，根据该框架总结和解释了有关细菌生物膜的最新信息。
