Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, TX, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, TX, USA.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2023;21(6):1367-1378. doi: 10.2174/1570159X21666221014120332.
Emerging evidence points towards the involvement of the cerebellum in the processing of emotions and pathophysiology of mood disorders. However, cerebellar and related cognitive alterations in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and those at high risk to develop the disorder, such as bipolar offspring (BD-OFF) are not clearly defined.
To investigate cerebellar gray and white matter volumes, cognition, and their relationship in youth with PBD and BD-OFF.
Thirty youth (7 to 17 years, inclusive) with PBD, 30 BD-OFF and 40 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Study participants underwent a computer-based cognitive battery assessing affective processing, executive function, attention, psychomotor speed, and learning. Three-tesla MRI scan was performed to assess cerebellar white and gray matter volumes. Cerebellar segmentation was performed with FreeSurfer. Statistical analyses include between-group differences in cognitive domains, cerebellar gray, and white matter volumes. Relationships between cerebellar volumes and cognitive domains were examined.
Youth with PBD showed greater cerebellar gray matter volumes than both BD-OFF and HC, whereas no differences were present between BD-OFF and HC. Both youth with PBD and BD-OFF showed altered processing of negative emotions and a bias towards positive emotions. In youth with PBD and BD-OFF, greater impairment in the processing of emotions correlated with greater cerebellar gray matter volumes.
The present findings corroborate hypotheses on cerebellar involvement in the processing of emotions and the pathophysiology of PBD. The presence of cerebellar dysfunction in BD-OFF is unclear.
越来越多的证据表明，小脑参与了情绪的处理以及心境障碍的病理生理学过程。然而，患有小儿双相情感障碍（PBD）的青年以及那些有发展为该疾病风险的青年，如双相情感障碍子女（BD-OFF）的小脑和相关认知改变尚不清楚。
探讨 PBD 青年和 BD-OFF 青年的小脑灰质和白质体积、认知及其相互关系。
招募了 30 名（7-17 岁，包括 7 岁和 17 岁）患有 PBD 的青年、30 名 BD-OFF 青年和 40 名健康对照者（HC）。研究参与者接受了基于计算机的认知测试，评估了情感处理、执行功能、注意力、运动速度和学习能力。使用 3T MRI 扫描评估小脑白质和灰质体积。使用 FreeSurfer 进行小脑分割。统计分析包括认知领域、小脑灰质和白质体积的组间差异。检查了小脑体积与认知领域之间的关系。
与 HC 相比，患有 PBD 的青年的小脑灰质体积更大，而与 BD-OFF 相比，PBD 青年和 HC 之间没有差异。PBD 青年和 BD-OFF 青年都表现出对负性情绪的处理能力下降以及对正性情绪的偏好。在 PBD 青年和 BD-OFF 青年中，情绪处理障碍越严重，小脑灰质体积越大。
本研究结果支持了小脑参与情绪处理以及 PBD 病理生理学的假说。BD-OFF 中是否存在小脑功能障碍尚不清楚。
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