Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2022 Oct 15;41(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s41043-022-00328-4.
A school provided healthy lunch might help to improve the nutritional quality of children's lunches. However, in the Netherlands, school lunch programs are not common. The aim of this study was to identify factors that promote or inhibit the implementation of a school lunch program at primary schools, from the viewpoint of school professionals.
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 204 primary school professionals. The normalization process theory and its four constructs (i.e. coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflective monitoring) were used to develop questions and interpret findings. Descriptive statistics were used for 14 multiple choice questions (yes, no, don't know) and thematic content analysis for qualitative responses.
Participants had a shared understanding about how a lunch program differed from current practices. Most participants had the same view on the rationale for implementation (coherence), such as equality among children. Sixty percent expected that a healthy school lunch will contribute to healthier eating by the children. Participants showed different degrees of cognitive participation (46% indicated that healthy school lunch is good idea). Commitment depended on their belief whether providing a healthy lunch was part of their responsibility as school and 30% expected a large effect on their daily work (collective action). When appraising school lunch implementation (reflective monitoring), participants' concerns focused on feasibility and adaptability of a program in their own school.
The introduction of a school lunch program will require substantial effort, although there is considerable support and understanding about potential benefits. The findings point to a number of preconditions for large-scale introduction, including the need for support-both financially and organizationally-bottom-up involvement of teachers, children and parents and freedom to adapt the program.
学校提供健康午餐有助于改善儿童午餐的营养质量。然而，在荷兰，学校午餐计划并不常见。本研究的目的是从学校专业人员的角度确定促进或阻碍小学实施学校午餐计划的因素。
对 204 名小学专业人员进行了横断面在线调查。采用规范化进程理论及其四个构建（即一致性、认知参与、集体行动、反思性监测）来制定问题并解释研究结果。对 14 个多项选择题（是、否、不知道）使用描述性统计，对定性回答使用主题内容分析。
参与者对午餐计划与当前做法的区别有共同的理解。大多数参与者对实施的基本原理（一致性）有相同的看法，例如儿童之间的平等。60%的参与者预计健康的学校午餐将有助于孩子们更健康地饮食。参与者在认知参与程度上存在差异（46%的人认为健康的学校午餐是个好主意）。承诺取决于他们是否认为提供健康午餐是他们作为学校的责任之一，30%的人期望对他们的日常工作产生重大影响（集体行动）。在评估学校午餐的实施情况（反思性监测）时，参与者关注的焦点是计划在自己学校的可行性和适应性。
尽管人们对潜在益处有相当大的支持和理解，但引入学校午餐计划仍需要大量的努力。研究结果指出了大规模引入的一些前提条件，包括自上而下的支持-财务和组织上的支持、教师、儿童和家长的自下而上参与以及自由调整计划的能力。
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