Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Sub Campus, Toba Tek Singh 36050, Pakistan.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Oct 4;2022:1581714. doi: 10.1155/2022/1581714. eCollection 2022.
Relaxin family peptides significantly regulate reproduction, nutrient metabolism, and immune response in mammals. The present study aimed to identify and characterize the relaxin family peptides in cattle and buffalo at the genome level. The genomic and proteomic sequences of cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, horse, and camel were accessed through the NCBI database, and BLAST was performed. We identified four relaxin peptides genes (, , , and ) in , whereas three relaxin genes (, , and ) in . Evolutionary analysis revealed the conserved nature of relaxin family peptides in buffalo and cattle. Physicochemical properties revealed that relaxin proteins were thermostable, hydrophilic, and basic peptides except for which was an acidic peptide. Three nonsynonymous mutations (two in at positions A16 > T and P29 > A, and one in at position R32 > Q) in , whereas two nonsynonymous mutations (one in at positions G105 > w and one in at position G22 > R) in , were identified. had one indel (insertion) at position 55 in . Gene duplication analysis revealed predominantly segmental duplications ( and gene pairs) that helped expand this gene family, whereas showed primarily tandem duplication (). Our study concluded that relaxin family peptides remained conserved during the evolution, and gene duplications might help to adapt and enrich specific functions like reproduction, nutrient metabolism, and immune response. Further, the nonsynonymous mutations identified potentially affect these functions in buffalo.
松弛素家族肽在哺乳动物中显著调节生殖、营养代谢和免疫反应。本研究旨在在基因组水平上鉴定和描述牛和水牛中的松弛素家族肽。通过 NCBI 数据库访问牛、水牛、山羊、绵羊、马和骆驼的基因组和蛋白质组序列，并进行 BLAST 分析。我们在牛中鉴定了四个松弛素肽基因（、、、），而在水牛中鉴定了三个松弛素基因（、、）。进化分析表明松弛素家族肽在水牛和牛中具有保守性。理化性质分析表明，松弛素蛋白是热稳定、亲水和碱性肽，除了 是酸性肽。在 中发现了三个非同义突变（两个在位置 A16>T 和 P29>A，一个在位置 R32>Q），而在 中发现了两个非同义突变（一个在位置 G105>w，一个在位置 G22>R）。在 中发现了一个位置 55 的插入缺失（indel）。基因复制分析表明，主要是片段复制（和 基因对）帮助扩展了这个基因家族，而 主要是串联复制（）。我们的研究表明，松弛素家族肽在进化过程中保持保守，基因复制可能有助于适应和丰富特定的功能，如生殖、营养代谢和免疫反应。此外，鉴定的非同义突变可能会影响水牛的这些功能。
