McFadden Marissa, Velez Christine Marie, Ávila Maria Mercedes
Lamoille Health Partners, Morrisville, VT USA.
Social Work Department, University of Vermont, 85 South Prospect, 443 Waterman, Burlington, VT USA.
J Hum Rights Soc Work. 2022;7(4):349-360. doi: 10.1007/s41134-022-00227-y. Epub 2022 Oct 8.
During the Trump Administration, the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Directive (11032.3) revoked the automatic release of pregnant women detained by ICE. This paper presents a policy analysis of the impact of this directive on pregnant Latina migrants. The directive is contextualized as part of the Trump Administration's "zero-tolerance" immigration policy that directed U.S. attorney's offices along the southwest border in April of 2018 to criminally prosecute all cases involving illegal entry with no exceptions. Under this policy, Latin American migrants seeking asylum in the USA faced criminalization, family separation, and detention. Reproductive justice (R.J.) is the guiding conceptual framework for analyzing this policy's impact. Three case studies demonstrate the reproductive and human rights violations impacting pregnant, migrant Latinas seeking to enter the U.S. under "zero-tolerance." This policy did not deter migration from Central and South America and created avoidable harm. Although "zero-tolerance" was rescinded in 2021, the long-term impacts remain unknown. Implications and recommendations for social work practice, policy advocacy, and social work education are provided.
在特朗普政府时期，移民和海关执法局（ICE）指令（11032.3）取消了ICE对被拘留孕妇的自动释放规定。本文对该指令对怀孕的拉丁裔移民的影响进行了政策分析。该指令被置于特朗普政府“零容忍”移民政策的背景下，该政策于2018年4月指示美国西南部边境沿线的联邦检察官办公室对所有涉及非法入境的案件进行刑事起诉，无一例外。在这一政策下，寻求在美国庇护的拉丁裔移民面临刑事定罪、家庭分离和拘留。生殖正义（R.J.）是分析该政策影响的指导性概念框架。三个案例研究展示了对寻求以“零容忍”政策进入美国的怀孕拉丁裔移民的生殖权利和人权侵犯。这一政策并未阻止中南美洲的移民，反而造成了可避免的伤害。尽管“零容忍”政策于2021年被撤销，但其长期影响仍不明朗。本文还提供了对社会工作实践、政策倡导和社会工作教育的启示及建议。
