Underner M, Perriot J, de Chazeron I, Brousse G, Peiffer G, Gherras A, Harika-Germaneau G, Jaafari N
Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Laborit, Université de Poitiers, 370 Av. Jacques Coeur, CS 10587, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
Dispensaire Emile Roux, CLAT-63 Centre de Tabacologie, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Encephale. 2023 Feb;49(1):72-86. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.06.006. Epub 2022 Oct 14.
The correlation between smoking and suicide is well documented in the general population: there is an increased risk of suicide among tobacco smokers. However, the association between smoking and suicidal behaviors (ideations, plans, attempts) in youth is poorly elucidated. This is a systematic review of the literature examined data on the relationship between active and passive smoking and suicidal ideation (SI), suicide planning (SP), and suicide attempts (SA) among youth in the general population.
Medline searches were performed for the period 1980-2020. Cross-sectional, case-control, prospective population-based studies of young people (age less than 18 years) were included in this review; studies of specific populations (patients with an identified pathology of any kind) were excluded.
This review included 43 studies: 23 studies on the association between active smoking and SI, SI and/or PS, TS; three studies on the association between passive smoking and suicidal behavior, three studies on the association between smoking and suicidal behavior in young people in psychiatric hospital settings, and five studies comparing the suicidal behavior of girls and boys. Analysis of the data collected lead to the conclusion that active or passive smoking is associated with suicidal behavior in young people. Smoking appears to contribute to psychopathological disorders, including depression, the use of other psychoactive substances, or psychosocial suffering which are often associated with an increased risk of suicide in young people. The correlations between smoking and the presence of mental disorders have been highlighted; tobacco use may contribute to the development of depression, anxiety and stress. Further studies are needed to verify the existence of a causal link between smoking and suicide.
Smoking is associated with the risk of suicidal behavior in young people; it should be included among the criteria for assessing suicidal risk in youth. Smoking cessation, which improves psychological well-being, should be further integrated into the prevention of suicidal behavior.
吸烟与自杀之间的相关性在普通人群中已有充分记录：吸烟者自杀风险增加。然而，吸烟与青少年自杀行为（想法、计划、企图）之间的关联尚未得到充分阐明。这是一项对文献的系统综述，研究了普通人群中青少年主动吸烟和被动吸烟与自杀意念（SI）、自杀计划（SP）和自杀未遂（SA）之间的关系。
对1980年至2020年期间进行了Medline检索。本综述纳入了针对年轻人（年龄小于18岁）的横断面、病例对照、基于人群的前瞻性研究；排除了针对特定人群（患有任何类型已确诊疾病的患者）的研究。
本综述纳入了43项研究：23项关于主动吸烟与SI、SI和/或PS、TS之间关联的研究；3项关于被动吸烟与自杀行为之间关联的研究；3项关于精神病院环境中青少年吸烟与自杀行为之间关联的研究；以及5项比较女孩和男孩自杀行为的研究。对所收集数据的分析得出结论，主动或被动吸烟与青少年自杀行为相关。吸烟似乎会导致精神病理障碍，包括抑郁症、使用其他精神活性物质或心理社会痛苦，而这些往往与青少年自杀风险增加有关。吸烟与精神障碍之间的相关性已得到强调；吸烟可能会导致抑郁症、焦虑症和压力的发展。需要进一步研究以验证吸烟与自杀之间是否存在因果关系。
吸烟与青少年自杀行为风险相关；应将其纳入评估青少年自杀风险的标准之中。改善心理健康的戒烟措施应进一步纳入自杀行为的预防工作。
