Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
RNA Biol. 2022 Jan;19(1):1103-1114. doi: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2135299.
The ribosome has long been thought to be a homogeneous cellular machine that constitutively and globally synthesises proteins from mRNA. However, recent studies have revealed that ribosomes are highly heterogeneous, dynamic macromolecular complexes with specialised roles in translational regulation in many organisms across the kingdoms. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of ribosome heterogeneity and the specialised functions of heterogeneous ribosomes. We also discuss specialised translation systems that utilise orthogonal ribosomes.
核糖体长期以来一直被认为是一种同质的细胞机器，它从 mRNA 上持续地、全局地合成蛋白质。然而，最近的研究表明，核糖体是高度异质的、动态的大分子复合物，在许多生物界的翻译调控中具有专门的作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了核糖体异质性和异质核糖体专门功能的现有认识。我们还讨论了利用正交核糖体的专门翻译系统。
