Environmental management in Ramsar designated wetland areas in Vietnam: studies from U Minh Thuong and Tram Chim national parks (Mekong Delta).

This study investigated the possibility of using remotely sensed data and field surveys for understanding the environmental management practices in two Ramsar sites - U Minh Thong and Tram Chim national parks - in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Enhanced agriculture, infrastructure development, changes in hydrological regime, forest fires, and natural resources exploitation are the key variables that caused the depletion of these two wetland areas. Land cover, particularly vegetation coverage, has been changed considerably during the post-war period and agriculture has been intensified in the surrounding areas of U Minh Thuong and Tram Chim wetlands. The current water management strategies in U Minh Thuong and Tram Chim were designated to ensure proper water circulation during the dry and wet seasons in a way helpful to agriculture in the buffer zones and to prevent forest fires during the dry season. It is found that the water management strategies to prevent forest fires in both the parks resulted in the accumulation of toxic agrochemicals within the park during the wet season. Both U Minh Thuong and Tram Chim wetlands are invaded by alien plant species which is threatening the natural biodiversity of the area. Proper monitoring and control of invasive species is necessary for protecting the natural biodiversity of these wetland ecosystems. Proper law enforcement and an interactive and inclusive wetland management should be practiced in order to conserve these valuable wetland ecosystems.