Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Faculty of Management Sciences, Thu Dau Mot University, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 Oct 18;194(Suppl 2):777. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10178-6.
This study investigated the possibility of using remotely sensed data and field surveys for understanding the environmental management practices in two Ramsar sites - U Minh Thong and Tram Chim national parks - in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Enhanced agriculture, infrastructure development, changes in hydrological regime, forest fires, and natural resources exploitation are the key variables that caused the depletion of these two wetland areas. Land cover, particularly vegetation coverage, has been changed considerably during the post-war period and agriculture has been intensified in the surrounding areas of U Minh Thuong and Tram Chim wetlands. The current water management strategies in U Minh Thuong and Tram Chim were designated to ensure proper water circulation during the dry and wet seasons in a way helpful to agriculture in the buffer zones and to prevent forest fires during the dry season. It is found that the water management strategies to prevent forest fires in both the parks resulted in the accumulation of toxic agrochemicals within the park during the wet season. Both U Minh Thuong and Tram Chim wetlands are invaded by alien plant species which is threatening the natural biodiversity of the area. Proper monitoring and control of invasive species is necessary for protecting the natural biodiversity of these wetland ecosystems. Proper law enforcement and an interactive and inclusive wetland management should be practiced in order to conserve these valuable wetland ecosystems.
本研究探讨了利用遥感数据和实地调查来了解越南湄公河三角洲两个拉姆萨尔湿地——乌明市通和占碑国家公园——环境管理实践的可能性。增强型农业、基础设施发展、水文状况变化、森林火灾和自然资源开发是导致这两个湿地地区枯竭的关键变量。在战后时期，土地覆盖，特别是植被覆盖，发生了相当大的变化，而乌明市通和占碑湿地周边地区的农业得到了加强。目前，乌明市通和占碑的水资源管理策略旨在确保在旱季和雨季期间以有利于缓冲区农业的方式进行适当的水循环，并防止在旱季发生森林火灾。研究发现，为防止两个公园发生森林火灾而采取的水资源管理策略，导致公园内积聚了有毒农业化学物质，特别是在雨季。乌明市通和占碑湿地都受到了外来植物物种的入侵，这对该地区的自然生物多样性构成了威胁。为了保护这些湿地生态系统的自然生物多样性，需要对入侵物种进行适当的监测和控制。为了保护这些宝贵的湿地生态系统，应该实施适当的执法和互动式、包容性的湿地管理。
