National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Water Engineering and Management, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand; Department of Environment Management, Faculty of Food and Environment Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Viet Nam.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Aug 1;291:112656. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112656. Epub 2021 Apr 30.
Ecotourism in national parks of developing countries is increasingly recognised as a promising option to achieve sustainable development goals, regardless, might imply various paradoxical managerial challenges. This paper, therefore, seeks to contribute a methodological framework utilising ES-based social landscape metrics (SLM) to address the potential barriers in managing ecotourism-integrated multi-functional national parks. We present a mixed-method case study in Vietnam's Tram Chim National Park (TCNP), conducted via semi-structural interviews and PGIS with tourists and locals. Multiple key informants, i.e. TCNP's authorities were also interviewed to provide their managerial insights and assist in verifying the PGIS results obtained from the tourists and locals. Via the quantified and mapped SLMs, the study reveals the differences between tourists and locals in terms of how and where they perceive and appreciate the intangible values of TCNP. Through spatial statistics, we reported important spatial correlations (i) between different categories of Ecosystem Services (ES) and (ii) between ES richness and diversity on different TCNP's land covers. As a contribution to the decision-making outlook, we remarked potential areas to expand of ecotourism activities based on the spatial hot and cold spots. This study concludes by highlighting opportunities for future research in expanding on socio-geographical assessments of ES, especially in the fields of ecotourism.
发展中国家国家公园的生态旅游越来越被认为是实现可持续发展目标的一个有前途的选择，尽管这可能意味着各种矛盾的管理挑战。因此，本文旨在提供一个基于 ES 的社会景观指标 (SLM) 的方法框架，以解决管理生态旅游综合多功能国家公园的潜在障碍。我们在越南的 Tram Chim 国家公园 (TCNP) 进行了一项混合方法案例研究，采用半结构访谈和游客和当地人的 PGIS 进行研究。还采访了多个关键信息提供者，即 TCNP 的当局，以提供他们的管理见解并协助验证从游客和当地人那里获得的 PGIS 结果。通过量化和映射的 SLM，该研究揭示了游客和当地人在感知和欣赏 TCNP 无形价值的方式和地点方面的差异。通过空间统计，我们报告了不同生态系统服务 (ES) 类别之间以及不同 TCNP 土地覆盖物上 ES 丰富度和多样性之间的重要空间相关性 (i)。作为对决策前景的贡献，我们根据空间热点和冷点指出了扩大生态旅游活动的潜在区域。本研究最后强调了在生态系统服务的社会地理评估方面扩展的机会，特别是在生态旅游领域。
