Spatial pattern and co-occurrence network of microbial community in response to extreme environment of salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Microbial communities are important components of alpine lakes, especially in extreme environments such as salt lakes. However, few studies have examined the co-occurrence network of microbial communities and various environmental factors in the water of salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. From May to June 2019, nine samples from seven salt lakes with water salinity ranges from 13 to 267‰ on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were collected. There were great differences between low-salinity samples and high-salinity samples in the inorganic salt ion concentration, pH, and biodiversity. In addition, the microbial community sturcture in low-salinity samples and high-salinity samples differed, suggesting that each sample has its own specific species. The co-occurrence network suggests that salinity was the most important forcing factor. We believe that salinity and inorganic salt ions can result in differences in microbial community in different salt lakes. This sequencing survey of multiple salt lakes with various salinities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau enhances our understanding of the response of microbial communities to environmental heterogeneity.