Universidad Central del Ecuador. Psychiatrist. Ecuador.
Universidad Central del Ecuador. Psychiatrist of the Club de Leones Quito Central. Ecuador.
Rev Esp Sanid Penit. 2022 May-Aug;24(2):66-74. doi: 10.18176/resp.00052.
During the execution of sentences in prison units, there are deficiencies within the adaptation mechanisms of persons deprived of liberty, this varies depending on the place where they serve the sanction and the length of stay in it.
To collect information on the prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in the prison setting, as well as the importance of early psychiatric intervention.
Theoretical review. Primary sources of information: scientific articles from indexed journals, in specialized medical information search engines. Original publications on mental and behavioural disorders in the prison and prison context were included, from 2016 to April 2021, with an analytical, observational, prospective, retrospective, cross-sectional and randomized design, systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, complete articles, carried out in any country, with subjects over 15 years of age, of any sex or gender, in English and Spanish.
16 articles were included in this theoretical review. The prevalence of mental disorders within the prison population is high; depression, anxiety, substance use and psychotic disorders predominate. The importance of having mental health programmes in prisons, with initial diagnosis and personalized interventions, was observed. The authors recommend psychopharmacological interventions and cognitive behavioural management.
The need to restructure the mental health approach in prisons was evidenced, and early diagnosis and personalized follow-up should be guaranteed. Pharmacological intervention and, to a greater degree, cognitive behavioural therapy seem to be effective for these types of patients.
在监狱单位执行刑罚期间，被剥夺自由的人的适应机制存在缺陷，这取决于他们服刑的地点和在其中的停留时间。
收集监狱环境中心理和行为障碍的流行情况信息，以及早期精神病学干预的重要性。
理论回顾。信息的主要来源：来自索引期刊的科学文章，在专门的医学信息搜索引擎中。纳入了关于监狱和监狱环境中心理和行为障碍的原始出版物，时间范围为 2016 年至 2021 年 4 月，采用分析性、观察性、前瞻性、回顾性、横断面和随机设计、系统评价和荟萃分析、完整的文章，在任何国家进行，对象为 15 岁以上的任何人，无论性别如何，均以英文和西班牙文发表。
本理论综述共纳入 16 篇文章。监狱人口中心理障碍的患病率很高；抑郁、焦虑、物质使用和精神病性障碍较为常见。观察到在监狱中开展心理健康方案的重要性，包括初步诊断和个性化干预。作者建议进行精神药理学干预和认知行为管理。
证据表明需要重新构建监狱中的心理健康方法，应保证早期诊断和个性化随访。药物干预，更确切地说，认知行为疗法似乎对这些类型的患者有效。
