Schwartz-Matsuo Syndrome

Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome is a rare ocular condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The retina is the innermost layer of tissue within the eye composed of multiple complex cellular structures.  The precipitating factor that leads to Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome is thought to be caused by a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with a retinal break, most commonly in the periphery near the ora serrata or non-pigmented epithelium of the pars plana or pars plicata. The retinal break allows for fluid and photoreceptor outer segments to gain access and enter the anterior chamber, blocking aqueous outflow at the level of the trabecular meshwork and leading to increased intraocular pressure.  Symptoms can range from unilateral eye pain and decreased visual acuity to peripheral vision loss secondary to increased IOP and RRD. A triad of aqueous cells in the anterior chamber, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and elevated intraocular pressure is required for the diagnosis of Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome.