Agrawal Manasi, Agrawal Anil K
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2022 Sep 13;14(9):e29120. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29120. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Worldwide elderly people are being affected by diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia. The risk for the development of dementia is higher in people with DM. DM causes a marked cognitive reduction and increases the risk of dementia, most commonly vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. People affected by DM and dementia seem to be at higher risk for intense hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia, the complication of DM treatment, is believed as an independent risk factor for dementia in people with DM. Both Alzheimer's disease and DM are linked with decreased insulin secretion, reduced uptake of glucose, raised oxidative stress, angiopathy, activation of the apoptotic pathway, aging, abnormal peroxidation of lipids, increased production of advanced glycation end products and tau phosphorylation, brain atrophy, and decreased fat metabolism. In this paper, we will review the association between Alzheimer's disease and DM. In addition, we will discuss the agents that enhance the risk for dementia in elderly people with DM and how to prevent the development of cognitive dysfunction in DM.
全球范围内，老年人正受到糖尿病（DM）和痴呆症的影响。糖尿病患者患痴呆症的风险更高。糖尿病会导致明显的认知能力下降，并增加患痴呆症的风险，最常见的是血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病。患有糖尿病和痴呆症的人似乎发生严重低血糖的风险更高。低血糖是糖尿病治疗的并发症，被认为是糖尿病患者患痴呆症的独立危险因素。阿尔茨海默病和糖尿病都与胰岛素分泌减少、葡萄糖摄取减少、氧化应激增加、血管病变、凋亡途径激活、衰老、脂质异常过氧化、晚期糖基化终产物生成增加和tau蛋白磷酸化、脑萎缩以及脂肪代谢降低有关。在本文中，我们将综述阿尔茨海默病与糖尿病之间的关联。此外，我们还将讨论增加糖尿病老年人患痴呆症风险的因素，以及如何预防糖尿病患者认知功能障碍的发生。
