Windingstad R M, Hinds L S
J Wildl Dis. 1987 Jul;23(3):438-42. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-23.3.438.
During December 1983 and early January 1984, about 200 Canada geese (Branta canadensis) died of lead poisoning at Parker River National Wildlife Refuge on Plum Island, Massachusetts. In an effort to determine the source of lead, 100 bottom samples were taken from a refuge impoundment where much of the mortality/morbidity occurred. An average of 157,150 pellets/ha was found with a range of 64,582 to 322,910 pellets/ha. Water levels in this impoundment were low when Canada geese arrived, making shot more readily available to the geese and contributing to the outbreak. To minimize the risk of Canada geese being exposed to lead shot poisoning at this location in the future, we recommend several corrective manipulations of habitat.
1983年12月至1984年1月初，约200只加拿大黑雁（Branta canadensis）在马萨诸塞州普拉姆岛的帕克河国家野生动物保护区死于铅中毒。为了确定铅的来源，从一个保护区蓄水区采集了100个底部样本，该蓄水区发生了大量的死亡/发病情况。平均每公顷发现157,150颗铅弹，范围在每公顷64,582至322,910颗铅弹之间。当加拿大黑雁到达时，这个蓄水区的水位很低，使铅弹更容易被黑雁获取，从而导致了疫情爆发。为了尽量减少未来加拿大黑雁在这个地点接触铅弹中毒的风险，我们建议对栖息地进行几种纠正性的改造。
