Hasheminejad Naimeh, Mahmoodi Mohammad Reza, Malek Mohammadi Tayebeh, Karamoozian Ali
Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology & Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, 48463Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Nutr Health. 2022 Oct 18:2601060221130426. doi: 10.1177/02601060221130426.
The objective was to determine the frequency pattern and nutritional quality of breakfast and snacks in Iranian adolescents and to investigate these dietary habits in relation to tooth decay and tooth erosion. A multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted to recruit 600 adolescents with equal sex distribution in the city of Kerman/southeast of Iran. Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Tooth Wear Index (TWI) were recorded for each subject. Snacking and breakfast quality, frequency of snacking and regular/irregular use of main meals were also recorded. Poisson regression and Firth's bias-reduced penalized-likelihood logistic regression were used for data analysis. DMFT score of adolescents who consumed low-quality snacks were 1.13 times more than those who consumed high-quality snacks. Regular use of all three main meals was associated with a lower DMFT score. DMFT score of adolescents who did not have regular use of breakfast was 1.19 times more than those who consumed breakfast on a regular basis. Also, regarding adolescents who had an irregular use of lunch, the DMFT score was 1.3 times more than those who had a regular lunch schedule. In addition, participants with irregular dinner consumption had 1.24 times more DMFT scores compared to those with a regular dinner schedule. Regular breakfast consumption, decreased snacking occasions, use of higher nutritional quality snacks, and increased nutritional education are important in order to prevent a higher chance of dental caries and promote dental health status.
目的是确定伊朗青少年早餐和零食的频率模式及营养质量，并调查这些饮食习惯与龋齿和牙齿侵蚀的关系。采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，在伊朗东南部克尔曼市招募了600名性别分布均衡的青少年。记录了每个受试者的龋失补牙数（DMFT）和牙齿磨损指数（TWI）。还记录了吃零食和早餐的质量、吃零食的频率以及正餐的规律/不规律食用情况。数据分析采用泊松回归和Firth偏差减少惩罚似然逻辑回归。食用低质量零食的青少年的DMFT得分比食用高质量零食的青少年高1.13倍。规律食用所有三餐与较低的DMFT得分相关。不规律吃早餐的青少年的DMFT得分比经常吃早餐的青少年高1.19倍。此外，对于午餐不规律的青少年，其DMFT得分比午餐规律的青少年高1.3倍。另外，晚餐不规律的参与者的DMFT得分比晚餐规律的参与者高1.24倍。规律吃早餐、减少吃零食的次数、食用营养质量更高的零食以及加强营养教育对于预防更高的龋齿发生率和促进牙齿健康状况很重要。
