Mohamed Almahi I, Salau Veronica F, Erukainure Ochuko L, Islam Md Shahidul
Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.
Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
J Food Biochem. 2022 Dec;46(12):e14399. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14399. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
In this current study, the antidiabetic effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa and its protective function against Fe -induced oxidative hepatic injury were elucidated using in vitro, in silico, and ex vivo studies. The oxidative damage was induced in hepatic tissue by incubation with 0.1 mMolar ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and then treated with different concentrations of crude extracts (ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous) of H. sabdariffa flowers for 30 min at 37°C. When compared to ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts, the ethanolic extract displayed the most potent scavenging activity in ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide (NO) assays, with IC values of 2.8 μl/ml, 3.3 μl/ml, and 9.2 μl/ml, respectively. The extracts significantly suppressed α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities (p < .05), with the ethanolic extract demonstrating the highest activity. H. sabdariffa significantly (p < .05) raised reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while simultaneously decreasing malondihaldehyde (MDA) and NO levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity in Fe induced oxidative hepatic injury. The extract of the plant inhibited intestinal glucose absorption and increased muscular glucose uptake. The extract revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds when submitted to gas chromatography-mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) screening, which was docked with α-glucosidase and α- amylase. The molecular docking displayed the compound 4-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyl acrylate strongly interacted with α-glucosidase and α-amylase and had the lowest free binding energy compared to other compounds and acarbose. These results suggest that H. sabdariffa has promising antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In recent years, there has been increased concern about the side effects of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs, as well as their expensive cost, especially in impoverished nations. This has instigated a radical shift towards the use of traditional plants, which are rich in phytochemicals many years ago. Among these plants, H. sabdariffa has been used to treat diabetes in traditional medicine. In this present study, H. sabdariffa extracts demonstrated the ability to inhibit carbohydrate digesting enzymes, facilitate muscle glucose uptake and attenuate oxidative stress in oxidative hepatic injury. Hence, demonstrating H. sabdariffa's potential to protect against oxidative damage and the complications associated with diabetes. Consumption of Hibiscus tea or juice may be a potential source for developing an anti-diabetic drug.
在本项研究中，通过体外、计算机模拟和离体研究，阐明了玫瑰茄的抗糖尿病功效及其对铁诱导的肝脏氧化损伤的保护作用。通过与0.1毫摩尔硫酸亚铁（FeSO4）孵育诱导肝组织氧化损伤，然后用不同浓度的玫瑰茄花粗提物（乙酸乙酯、乙醇和水提取物）在37℃处理30分钟。与乙酸乙酯提取物和水提取物相比，乙醇提取物在铁还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）、1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和一氧化氮（NO）测定中表现出最强的清除活性，IC值分别为2.8微升/毫升、3.3微升/毫升和9.2微升/毫升。提取物显著抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性（p＜0.05），其中乙醇提取物活性最高。在铁诱导的肝脏氧化损伤中，玫瑰茄显著（p＜0.05）提高了还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平，同时降低了丙二醛（MDA）和NO水平，并提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶活性。该植物提取物抑制肠道葡萄糖吸收并增加肌肉葡萄糖摄取。通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）筛选发现该提取物含有多种酚类化合物，这些化合物与α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶进行对接。分子对接显示化合物丙烯酸4-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丁酯与α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶强烈相互作用，与其他化合物和阿卡波糖相比具有最低的自由结合能。这些结果表明玫瑰茄具有良好的抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性。实际应用：近年来，人们越来越关注合成抗糖尿病药物的副作用及其高昂的成本，尤其是在贫困国家。这促使人们向使用富含植物化学物质的传统植物发生了根本性转变，这些植物在多年前就已被使用。在这些植物中，玫瑰茄在传统医学中一直被用于治疗糖尿病。在本研究中，玫瑰茄提取物表现出抑制碳水化合物消化酶、促进肌肉葡萄糖摄取以及减轻肝脏氧化损伤中的氧化应激的能力。因此，证明了玫瑰茄具有预防氧化损伤和糖尿病相关并发症的潜力。饮用玫瑰茄茶或果汁可能是开发抗糖尿病药物的一个潜在来源。
