School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Feb;30(8):21092-21103. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-23713-2. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
It is crucial to investigate the distribution and origin of black carbon (BC) in the environment for evaluating human inputs and developing pollution control strategies. This study analyzed BC in coastal river sediments from Haizhou Bay, Eastern China. The concentrations (dry weight) of the BC, char, soot, and total organic carbon (TOC) in coastal river sediments flowing into Haizhou Bay were 0.11-4.68, 0.06-4.24, 0.04-0.70, and 0.15-2.29 mg/g, respectively. Char and soot accounted for 38.54-90.70% and 9.30-61.46% of BC, with an average of 68.95% and 31.05%, respectively. The results show that the spatial variation of char was markedly presented in river sediment (108.27%), followed by that of BC (89.25%), TOC (58.69%), and soot (55.85%). The BC was mainly distributed in the Shawang River and the Shiliang River, soot was distributed primarily in the Shawang River, and char was mainly distributed in the Shiliang River. This finding supports the presence of anthropogenic activity sources in coastal rivers. The grey correlation analysis results show that industrial and agricultural activities greatly influenced BC emissions, as the influence degree of four socio-economic variables on BC contamination decreased as follows: regional total production value, population density, total agricultural production value, and total industrial production value. The char/soot ratio, an index to discriminate the source of BC contamination in sediments, was found to range from 0.63 to 9.75 with an average of 2.75. The result indicates that BC in Haizhou Bay was contributed from mixed sources including transportation emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and biomass combustion. The study demonstrates that BC could be an effective indicator for the degree and spatial distribution of organic pollutants in coastal river sediments.
研究环境中黑碳（BC）的分布和来源对于评估人为输入和制定污染控制策略至关重要。本研究分析了来自中国东部海州湾的沿海河流沉积物中的 BC。流入海州湾的沿海河流沉积物中 BC、炭、烟灰和总有机碳（TOC）的浓度（干重）分别为 0.11-4.68、0.06-4.24、0.04-0.70 和 0.15-2.29mg/g。炭和烟灰分别占 BC 的 38.54-90.70%和 9.30-61.46%，平均值分别为 68.95%和 31.05%。结果表明，河流沉积物中炭的空间变化（108.27%）明显高于 BC（89.25%）、TOC（58.69%）和烟灰（55.85%）。BC 主要分布在沙旺河和石梁河，烟灰主要分布在沙旺河，炭主要分布在石梁河。这一发现支持了沿海河流存在人为活动源。灰色关联分析结果表明，工业和农业活动对 BC 排放有较大影响，四个社会经济变量对 BC 污染的影响程度按以下顺序降低：区域总产值、人口密度、农业总产值和工业总产值。作为区分沉积物中 BC 污染来源的指标，炭/烟灰比值范围为 0.63-9.75，平均值为 2.75。结果表明，海州湾的 BC 来自交通排放、化石燃料燃烧和生物质燃烧等混合源。本研究表明，BC 可以作为沿海河流沉积物中有机污染物程度和空间分布的有效指标。
