SAH-NET: Structure-Aware Hierarchical Network for Clustered Microcalcification Classification in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.

Benign and malignant classification of clustered microcalcifications (MCs) in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is an essential task in computer-aided diagnosis. However, due to the anisotropic resolution of DBT, three-dimensional (3-D) convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods cannot extract hierarchical features efficiently. Moreover, the sparse distribution of MC points in the cluster makes it difficult for the CNN to extract discriminative structural information for classification. To comprehensively address these challenges, we propose a novel structure-aware hierarchical network (SAH-Net) for benign and malignant classification of clustered MC in a DBT volume. Specifically, the two-dimensional (2-D) group convolution is used to extract intraslice features. The one-to-one correspondence between group convolutions and slices ensures the independence of hierarchical feature extraction. Then, a partial deformable Transformer-based 3-D structural feature learning module is proposed to capture the long-range dependency between MC points in the cluster. We evaluate the proposed method on an in-house dataset with 495 clustered MCs collected from 462 DBT images. Experimental results confirm the validity of our proposed modules. The results also show that the proposed SAH-Net outperforms several other representative methods on this topic, and achieves the best classification result, with an area under the receiver operation curve (AUC) of 86.87%. The implementation of the proposed model is available at https://github.com/sunhaotian130911/SAHNet.