Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 20;857(Pt 2):159546. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159546. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
Afforestation has been initiated in Northeast Asia to improve ecological status. The responses of the regional hydrological cycle to vegetation restoration remain insufficiently explored. This study uses a variety of satellite-derived vegetation variables and hydrological cycle components to scan the eco-hydrological regimes in the Three-North Region of China and Mongolia during the past four decades. We observe that vegetation productivity increases mainly in North China (NC), Northeast China (NEC), Northwest China (NWC), and the north of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. Precipitation and runoff show a decreasing trend (-0.4 mm/year and - 0.6 mm/year, respectively), yet they are less correlated to the normalized difference vegetation index and leaf area index. Along with increasing vegetation productivity, evapotranspiration increases (0.05 mm/year) obviously in NC and NEC, while root soil moisture (-0.001 m/m/year) and terrestrial water storage (-2.0 mm/year) decrease in NC and parts of NEC and NWC. The correlation coefficient between evapotranspiration and vegetation variables is up to 0.73. Collectively, results imply one potential adverse response of terrestrial water fluxes to increasing vegetation. Independent ecological and hydrological datasets further corroborate our work. Climatic factors (i.e., downward shortwave radiation and air temperature) and human activities (i.e., aerosol optical depth, carbon dioxide, and water withdrawal) substantially affect regional hydrological cycles. Considering the increasing vegetation productivity in the Three-North Region of China and Mongolia is likely to continue in the 21st century based on the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) simulations, the terrestrial water fluxes may undergo deficit pressure. Overall, this study comprehensively investigates the vegetation and hydrology interplays, and provides a reference for protecting and improving ecological-hydrological conditions in Northeast Asia.
植树造林已在东北亚启动，以改善生态状况。植被恢复对区域水文循环的响应仍未得到充分探讨。本研究利用多种卫星衍生植被变量和水文循环分量，扫描了过去四十年中国三北地区和蒙古的生态水文状况。我们观察到，植被生产力主要在中国北方（NC）、东北（NEC）、西北（NWC）以及内蒙古和蒙古北部增加。降水和径流量呈下降趋势（分别为-0.4 毫米/年和-0.6 毫米/年），但与归一化植被指数和叶面积指数的相关性较低。随着植被生产力的增加，NC 和 NEC 的蒸散量明显增加（0.05 毫米/年），而 NC 和 NEC 的部分地区以及 NWC 的根土壤水分（-0.001 m/m/年）和陆地水储量（-2.0 毫米/年）减少。蒸散量与植被变量的相关系数高达 0.73。总体而言，结果表明陆地水通量对增加植被可能存在潜在的不利响应。独立的生态和水文数据集进一步证实了我们的工作。气候因素（即向下短波辐射和气温）和人类活动（即气溶胶光学深度、二氧化碳和取水量）极大地影响了区域水文循环。考虑到根据第六次耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）模拟，中国三北地区和蒙古的植被生产力在 21 世纪可能会继续增加，陆地水通量可能会面临亏缺压力。总体而言，本研究全面调查了植被和水文的相互作用，为保护和改善东北亚的生态水文条件提供了参考。
