Zakki Ahmad Fauzan, Windyandari Aulia
Naval Architecture Department, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
Industrial Technology Department, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2022 Oct 10;8(10):e10999. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10999. eCollection 2022 Oct.
This research aims to understand the simplified finite element (FE) model behavior for estimating the glass fiber reinforced polyester polymer (GFRP) structural response and studying its tensile properties. The simplified FE model has been developed using an equivalent single-ply transversely isotropic material model to estimate the multi-layer GFRP laminates tensile behavior. The linear elastic and a trilinear plasticity material formulation were adopted. The experimental study is conducted to determine the tensile properties of the equivalent single-ply model of the multi-layer laminates with the variation of layers number, stacking sequence, and fiber orientation. The tensile test specimen used E-glass fiber reinforcement and polyester resin (Yukalac 157 BQTN-EX) as the matrix. The hand layup method was used for the lamination procedure. The experimental results show that the nonlinearity might occur due to the imperfection and poor quality of the composite laminate. Therefore, the comparison of numerical simulation and the experimental results is conducted to understand the stress-strain behavior of the simplified FE model. Both models presented different characteristics and showed good agreement with the experimental results. The linear model can be adopted while the nonlinearity is not significantly identified. Furthermore, the plastic strain as a compensated constant should be defined thoroughly to conduct an accurate estimation using the trilinear plasticity model. However, neither model is suitable for predicting the composite laminate's initial failure point.
本研究旨在了解用于估算玻璃纤维增强聚酯聚合物（GFRP）结构响应并研究其拉伸性能的简化有限元（FE）模型的行为。已使用等效单层横观各向同性材料模型开发了简化有限元模型，以估算多层GFRP层压板的拉伸行为。采用了线弹性和三线塑性材料公式。进行了实验研究，以确定多层层压板等效单层模型在层数、堆叠顺序和纤维取向变化时的拉伸性能。拉伸试验试样使用E玻璃纤维增强材料和聚酯树脂（Yukalac 157 BQTN - EX）作为基体。层压过程采用手糊法。实验结果表明，由于复合材料层压板的缺陷和质量不佳，可能会出现非线性。因此，进行了数值模拟与实验结果的比较，以了解简化有限元模型的应力 - 应变行为。两种模型呈现出不同的特性，并且与实验结果显示出良好的一致性。当未明显识别出非线性时，可以采用线性模型。此外，应充分定义塑性应变作为补偿常数，以便使用三线塑性模型进行准确估算。然而，两种模型都不适用于预测复合材料层压板的初始失效点。
