Bristol David R
Statistical Consulting Services, Inc., 2075 Denise Lane, Winston-Salem, NC, 27127, USA.
Ther Innov Regul Sci. 2023 Mar;57(2):304-315. doi: 10.1007/s43441-022-00468-z. Epub 2022 Oct 24.
When simultaneous comparisons are performed, a procedure must be employed to control the overall level (also known as the Type I Error rate). Hochberg's stepwise testing procedure is often used and here determination of the sample size needed to achieve a specified power for two pairwise comparisons when observations follow a normal distribution is addressed. Three different scenarios are considered: subsets defined by a baseline criterion, two treatments compared to a control, or one set of subjects nested within the other. The solutions for these three scenarios differ and are examined. The sample sizes for the differences in success probabilities for binomial distributions are presented using the asymptotic normality. The sample sizes and power using Hochberg's procedure are compared to the corresponding results using the Bonferroni approach.
当进行同时比较时，必须采用一种程序来控制总体水平（也称为I型错误率）。Hochberg逐步检验程序经常被使用，这里讨论了在观察值服从正态分布时，为两次成对比较达到指定功效所需的样本量的确定方法。考虑了三种不同的情况：由基线标准定义的子集、两种治疗与一种对照进行比较、或一组受试者嵌套在另一组受试者中。研究了这三种情况的不同解决方案。使用渐近正态性给出了二项分布成功概率差异的样本量。将使用Hochberg程序的样本量和功效与使用Bonferroni方法的相应结果进行了比较。
