Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Pediatrics. 2022 Nov 1;150(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2022-057561.
The nature and magnitude of the cognitive and mental health risks among the offspring of young mothers is not fully understood. Our objective is to examine the risk of mental disorders in these offspring.
Five databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) were searched from their inceptions until February 2022. Studies were eligible if they assessed offspring of young mothers (<21 years), contained a control group, and assessed any cognitive and/or mental health outcomes. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to generate standardized mean differences (SMDs) in infants (0-3 years), children (4-9), adolescents (10-19), and adults (20+). Methodological bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
51 outcomes were meta-analyzed. Levels of cognitive and learning problems were higher among the infants (SMD = 0.30 [95% confidence interval 0.0-0.55]) and adolescents (SMD = 0.43 [0.24 to 0.62]) of young mothers. Adolescents had more symptoms of delinquency (SMD = 0.24 [0.12 to 0.36]). As adults, they are more often convicted of violent crimes (SMD = 0.36 [0.22 to 0.50]). Internalizing symptoms were higher in these offspring in childhood (SMD = 0.29 [0.14 to 0.45]) and adulthood (SMD = 0.35 [0.34 to 0.36]). This review uses unadjusted data and is thus unequipped to infer causality. Studies have high attrition and rely heavily on self-report.
Young mothers' offspring have more cognitive, externalizing, and internalizing problems across the lifespan than individuals born to mothers ≥21 years of age. They may benefit from early detection and support.
年轻母亲的子女在认知和心理健康方面的风险性质和程度尚未完全了解。我们的目的是研究这些子女患精神障碍的风险。
从建库起至 2022 年 2 月，我们在 5 个数据库（Medline、Embase、Web of Science、PsycINFO 和 CINAHL）中进行了检索。如果研究评估了年轻母亲（<21 岁）的子女，包含对照组，并评估了任何认知和/或心理健康结局，则符合纳入标准。使用随机效应荟萃分析生成婴儿（0-3 岁）、儿童（4-9 岁）、青少年（10-19 岁）和成年人（20 岁以上）的标准化均数差（SMD）。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估方法学偏倚。
荟萃分析了 51 项结局。年轻母亲的婴儿（SMD=0.30[95%置信区间 0.0-0.55]）和青少年（SMD=0.43[0.24-0.62]）认知和学习问题水平较高。青少年有更多的犯罪行为症状（SMD=0.24[0.12-0.36]）。作为成年人，他们更有可能被判犯有暴力犯罪（SMD=0.36[0.22-0.50]）。这些子女在儿童期（SMD=0.29[0.14-0.45]）和成年期（SMD=0.35[0.34-0.36]）的内化症状更高。本综述使用的是未经调整的数据，因此无法推断因果关系。研究的失访率较高，且严重依赖于自我报告。
与母亲≥21 岁所生子女相比，年轻母亲的子女在整个生命周期中都有更多的认知、外化和内化问题。他们可能受益于早期发现和支持。
