Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
Chemistry. 2023 Feb 1;29(7):e202202861. doi: 10.1002/chem.202202861. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
A significant barrier inhibiting multiplexed imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) is the extensive trial and error associated with fine-tuning NIR dyes. In particular, the need to synthesize and experimentally evaluate dye derivatives in order to empirically identify those that can be used in multiplexing applications, requires a large investment of time. While coarse-tuning efforts benefit from computational prediction that can be used to identify target dye structures for synthetic campaigns, errors in computational prediction remain too large to accurately parse modifications aimed at fine-tuning changes in dye absorbance and emission. To address this issue, we screened different levels of theory and identified a time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach that can rapidly, as opposed to synthesis and experimental evaluation, estimate absorbance and emission. By calibrating these computational estimations of absorbance and emission to experimentally determined parameters for a panel of existing NIR dyes, we obtain calibration curves that can be used to accurately predict the effect of fine-tuning modifications in new dyes. We demonstrate the predictive power of this calibrated dataset using seven previously unreported dyes, obtaining mean percent errors in absorbance and emission of 2.2 and 2.8 %, respectively. This approach provides a significant timesavings, relative to synthesis and evaluation of dye derivatives, and can be used to focus synthetic campaigns on the most promising dye structures. The new dyes described herein can be utilized for multiplexed imaging, and the experimentally calibrated dataset will provide the dye chemistry community with a means to rapidly identify fine-tuned NIR dyes in silico to guide subsequent synthetic campaigns.
在近红外(NIR)中进行多重成像的一个显著障碍是与微调近红外染料相关的广泛反复试验。特别是,为了在多重应用中识别可以使用的染料,需要合成和实验评估染料衍生物,这需要大量的时间投入。虽然粗调工作受益于可以用于识别合成活动目标染料结构的计算预测,但计算预测中的错误仍然太大,无法准确解析旨在微调染料吸收和发射变化的修饰。为了解决这个问题,我们筛选了不同层次的理论,并确定了一种时间相关的密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)方法,可以快速(相对于合成和实验评估)估计吸收和发射。通过将这些吸收和发射的计算估计值校准到一组现有 NIR 染料的实验确定参数,我们获得了校准曲线,可以准确预测新染料中微调修饰的效果。我们使用七个以前未报道的染料证明了这个校准数据集的预测能力,吸收和发射的平均百分比误差分别为 2.2%和 2.8%。与染料衍生物的合成和评估相比,这种方法可以节省大量时间,并且可以用于将合成活动集中在最有前途的染料结构上。本文描述的新染料可用于多重成像,并且实验校准数据集将为染料化学界提供一种在计算机上快速识别微调近红外染料的方法,以指导随后的合成活动。