Jiang Zipeng, Li Ang, Meng Chenyang, Chen Xiaohong, Song Huaihe
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applied Technology, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, P. R. China.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2022 Nov 9;24(43):26356-26370. doi: 10.1039/d2cp04032h.
Lithium (Li) metal is strongly considered to be the ultimate anode for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable batteries due to its lowest electrochemical potential and highest specific capacity. However, Li metal anode has limitations, involving inevitable dendritic Li growth, nonuniform Li deposition, enormous volume expansion, and ultimate electrode pulverization, which lead to rapid decrease in Coulombic efficiency and short circuits, significantly hindering its practical use. Various strategies have been proposed to solve uncontrollable dendritic Li growth and parasitic electrochemical reactions. Carbon materials and their composites with excellent structure tunability and properties have been explored to solve these issues and have shown great potential applications in Li metal anodes. This review presents various protective strategies of Li metal anode based on carbon materials. The rational design of carbon materials with specific functionalities in Li metal anode protecting solutions and manufacturing methods of composite electrodes with metallic Li and carbon materials are discussed in detail. In addition, a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and our outlook on the future development of carbon materials for stabilizing Li metal anodes in practical applications are discussed and prospected.
锂（Li）金属因其最低的电化学电位和最高的比容量，被强烈认为是下一代高能量密度可充电电池的终极负极。然而，锂金属负极存在局限性，包括不可避免的锂枝晶生长、不均匀的锂沉积、巨大的体积膨胀以及最终的电极粉化，这些导致库仑效率迅速下降和短路，严重阻碍了其实际应用。人们已经提出了各种策略来解决不可控的锂枝晶生长和寄生电化学反应。具有优异结构可调性和性能的碳材料及其复合材料已被探索用于解决这些问题，并在锂金属负极中显示出巨大的潜在应用。本文综述了基于碳材料的锂金属负极的各种保护策略。详细讨论了在锂金属负极保护溶液中具有特定功能的碳材料的合理设计以及金属锂与碳材料复合电极的制造方法。此外，还讨论并展望了对碳材料在实际应用中稳定锂金属负极的挑战的全面理解以及我们对其未来发展的展望。
