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高维生素 A 血症是否在莫森不幸的南极探险中起了作用?

Did hypervitaminosis A have a role in Mawson's ill-fated Antarctic exploration?

机构信息

Oregon-Alaska Poison Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

出版信息

Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2022 Nov;60(11):1277-1281. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2128366. Epub 2022 Oct 26.

DOI:10.1080/15563650.2022.2128366
PMID:36286587
Abstract

Douglas Mawson is a national hero of Australia, having led the Australasian Antarctic expedition of 1911, and survived. His three-man sledging team was beset by a series of catastrophes. First, expert skier Belgrave Ninnis died after he fell into a deep crevasse taking with him half the dogs and a sledge of essential food and supplies. The remaining two explorers immediately turned back to base which was 315 miles away. With their rations diminished they resorted to eating their remaining six dogs over 23 days. Xavier Mertz became progressively ill with diarrhea, delirium, vocal outbursts in rages, and finally several seizures. He died after another seizure. Mawson, alone with negligible food and no dogs for transportation, through his own sheer grit made it back to base camp a month later and was saved. His journal records medical complications with skin desquamation, alopecia, and muscle pain. It has been proposed that these symptoms in both Mertz and Mawson were the manifestations of hypervitaminosis A. They likely consumed greater than a 1,200,000 IU of vitamin A each day from the dog liver they decided was essential to eat to survive. Mertz, a vegetarian, possibly consumed more of the liver than muscle meat, and consequently suffered the more severe encephalopathy and seizures associated with acute vitamin A poisoning.

摘要

道格拉斯·莫森是澳大利亚的民族英雄,他曾领导 1911 年的澳大利亚南极探险队,并幸存下来。他的三人雪橇队遭遇了一系列灾难。首先,专家级滑雪运动员贝尔格雷夫·尼尼斯掉进了一个深裂缝中,他带走了一半的狗和一雪橇基本食物和补给,导致死亡。其余两名探险家立即返回基地,基地距离他们 315 英里远。由于口粮减少,他们在 23 天内吃掉了剩下的六只狗。泽维尔·梅尔茨逐渐出现腹泻、谵妄、愤怒时的大声喧哗,最后几次癫痫发作。他在另一次癫痫发作后死亡。莫森独自一人,食物和狗都很少,几乎没有运输工具,但凭借自己的毅力,一个月后回到了大本营并获救。他的日记记录了皮肤脱皮、脱发和肌肉疼痛等医疗并发症。有人提出,梅尔茨和莫森的这些症状都是维生素 A 中毒的表现。他们可能每天从狗肝中摄入超过 120 万国际单位的维生素 A,他们认为这是生存所必需的食物。梅尔茨是素食主义者,他可能摄入了更多的肝脏而不是肌肉肉,因此遭受了更严重的脑病和与急性维生素 A 中毒相关的癫痫发作。

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