Gen Dent. 2022 Nov-Dec;70(6):52-58.
Periodontal disease affects 42% of adults in the United States. Both the periodontal microbiome and the host immune inflammatory response may be influenced by overweight/obesity status. This retrospective analysis sought to determine the associations of periodontal disease parameters with body mass index (BMI) and obesity status in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy. The records of 418 patients who were undergoing periodontal maintenance after periodontitis treatment were examined, and the patients' demographic characteristics (sex, age, and race/ethnicity), self-reported BMI, periodontal disease condition, number of sites with probing depth ≥ 4 mm, missing teeth, and sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Patients were determined to have active moderate to severe periodontitis if they presented with 2 or more sites in 2 different quadrants with clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm and probing depth ≥ 5 mm. Individuals were also categorized into 3 groups: underweight/normoweight, BMI < 25; overweight, BMI 25 ≤ 30; or obese, BMI ≥ 30. In the study population, BMI ranged from 16.827 to 51.389. The periodontitis status was not significantly associated with a BMI status of overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.388 [95% CI, 0.961- 2.006]) or obese (OR = 1.168 [95% CI, 0.77-1.757]). Female sex (OR = 0.561 [95% CI, 0.343-0.918]) and age (OR = 0.983 [95% CI, 0.967-0.999]) were negatively associated with active periodontitis status. Obese patients demonstrated significantly more sites with BOP than either underweight/normoweight or overweight patients, and a BMI indicating obesity was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001) and higher number of missing teeth (P = 0.0064). In a population of patients undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy, BMI was associated with age and missing teeth, and obese status was associated with a significantly higher number of sites with BOP.
牙周病影响了美国 42%的成年人。牙周微生物组和宿主免疫炎症反应都可能受到超重/肥胖状态的影响。本回顾性分析旨在确定牙周病参数与接受牙周维护治疗患者的体重指数（BMI）和肥胖状态之间的关联。对 418 名牙周炎治疗后接受牙周维护治疗的患者的记录进行了检查，记录了患者的人口统计学特征（性别、年龄和种族/民族）、自我报告的 BMI、牙周病状况、探诊深度≥4mm 的部位数、缺牙数和探诊出血（BOP）部位数。如果患者在 2 个不同象限中有 2 个或更多部位存在临床附着丧失≥5mm 和探诊深度≥5mm，则被确定为患有活动性中重度牙周炎。个体也被分为 3 组：体重不足/正常体重，BMI<25；超重，BMI 25≤30；或肥胖，BMI≥30。在研究人群中，BMI 范围为 16.827 至 51.389。牙周炎状况与超重（比值比[OR] = 1.388[95%可信区间，0.961-2.006]）或肥胖（OR = 1.168[95%可信区间，0.77-1.757]）状态无显著相关性。女性（OR = 0.561[95%可信区间，0.343-0.918]）和年龄（OR = 0.983[95%可信区间，0.967-0.999]）与活动性牙周炎状态呈负相关。肥胖患者的 BOP 部位明显多于体重不足/正常体重或超重患者，肥胖的 BMI 与年龄增加（P<0.001）和缺牙数增加（P=0.0064）相关。在接受牙周维护治疗的患者人群中，BMI 与年龄和缺牙数相关，而肥胖状态与 BOP 部位数量显著增加相关。
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