Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 26;17(10):e0276605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276605. eCollection 2022.
The black soldier fly (BSF) is becoming a novel farm animal. BSF larvae can be reared on different substrates. Their performance is important but highly variable and different models have been employed to analyze their growth, so far without considering that metabolic rates, growth, and biochemical composition of the larvae are interrelated. This work develops a dynamic model, which describes general growth patterns of BSF larvae and predicts observed variability in larval performances. The model was tested against data from literature, which combines kinetic growth data with measurements of lipid or dry weight content, and CO2 production. The model combines the kinetics of the logistic model with principles from differential energy budget models and considers key events in larval life history, moulting and metamorphosis. Larvae are compartmentised into structural biomass, storage lipids, and a pool of assimilates. Feed assimilation is considered the overall rate limiting process and is reduced in relation to larval weight by a logistic function. A second logistic function further reduces the specific growth rate of structural biomass, causes imbalance between and feed assimilation and growth rates, and leaves a surplus of assimilates to be stored as lipids. Fluxes between compartments consider cost of synthesis of structural biomass and lipids, as well as maintenance. When assimilation falls below maintenance needs, storage lipids are recycled. The model is able to describe growth and lipid contents of BSF larvae reared on chicken feed, growth of feed limited BSF larvae, as well as growth, dry weight content, and CO2 production of BSF larvae reared on different substrate qualities and moisture contents. The model may be used for the analysis of growth and performance of BSF larvae under variable rearing conditions. It can deepen the analyses of experimental data and provide insight into the causes of variability of larval performances.
黑水虻正在成为一种新型的农场动物。黑水虻幼虫可以在不同的基质上饲养。它们的表现很重要，但变化很大，不同的模型被用来分析它们的生长，但迄今为止，还没有考虑到幼虫的代谢率、生长和生化组成是相互关联的。本工作开发了一个动态模型，该模型描述了黑水虻幼虫的一般生长模式，并预测了幼虫性能的可观察到的变异性。该模型是根据文献中的数据进行测试的，这些数据结合了动力学生长数据和脂质或干重含量以及 CO2 产生的测量。该模型将逻辑模型的动力学与差异能量预算模型的原理相结合，并考虑了幼虫生活史中的关键事件，即蜕皮和变态。幼虫被划分为结构生物质、储存脂质和同化物质的池。饲料同化被认为是整体限速过程，并通过逻辑函数与幼虫体重相关地减少。第二个逻辑函数进一步降低了结构生物质的比生长率，导致饲料同化和生长率之间的不平衡，并留下多余的同化物质作为脂质储存。各隔室之间的通量考虑了结构生物质和脂质合成的成本以及维持的成本。当同化作用低于维持需求时，储存的脂质会被回收。该模型能够描述在鸡饲料上饲养的黑水虻幼虫的生长和脂质含量、饲料限制的黑水虻幼虫的生长、以及在不同基质质量和含水量下饲养的黑水虻幼虫的生长、干重含量和 CO2 产生。该模型可用于分析可变饲养条件下黑水虻幼虫的生长和性能。它可以深入分析实验数据，并提供对幼虫性能变异性原因的洞察。
